Chronology of the 18th Century

23 January 1698–11 June 1727 – George I is Elector of Hanover

c. 1700 – ancestor of Baron Vordenberg moves Carmilla’s tomb

22 February 1700–10 September 1721 – Great Northern War between Russia, Frederick IV of Denmark–Norway (defeated 1700), Augustus II the Strong of Saxony–Poland–Lithuania (defeated 1706) and Sweden under Charles XII

13 July 1700 – Treaty of Constantinople between Russia and the Ottomans in which the Sultan ceded Azov, the Taganrog fortress, Pavlovsk and Mius to Russia

1701
July 1701–August 1714 – War of the Spanish Succession (after the death of the childless Charles II of Spain) between Austrian Habsburgs and France

8 July 1709 – battle of Poltava between Peter the Great and the Swedish army under Field Marshal Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld

1 August 1714–11 June 1727 – George I is King of Great Britain and Ireland:

22 June 1727–25 October 1760 – George II
25 October 1760–29 January 1820 – George III

15 August 1714 – execution of Constantin Brâncoveanu in Constantinople

1 September 1715–10 May 1774 – Louis XV is king of France

1719 – Wenzel Carl Graf Purgstall purchases Schloss Hainfeld from Count Leopold Josef Orsini-Rosenberg:

1275 – castle Hainfeld first documented, held by vassals of the Wildoner in Riegersburg
1332 – castle Hainfeld and its estate passes by marriage to Ulrich Winkler
1573 – Wolf Zwickl acquires castle Hainfeld
1550–1600 – Winkler family replaces castle with a fortified four-wing Renaissance castle
1719 – Wenzel Carl Graf Purgstall purchases Schloss Hainfeld from Count Leopold Josef Orsini-Rosenberg

c. 1721 – Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi writes “The Four Seasons” (“Le quattro stagioni”), four violin concerti

7 May 1724–17 May 1727 – Catherine I is Empress and Autocrat of All the Russias

1725 – Antonio Vivaldi’s “The Four Seasons” first published in Amsterdam

18 May 1727–30 January 1730 – Peter II Alexeyevich is Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias

22 June 1727–25 October 1760 – George II is King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover

30 January 1730–28 October 1740 – Anna Ioannovna is Empress and Autocrat of All the Russias

31 May 1740–17 August 1786 – Frederick the Great is King of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg

28 October 1740–6 December 1741 – Ivan VI Antonovich is Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias

6 December 1741–5 January 1762 – Elizabeth Petrovna is Empress and Autocrat of All the Russias

13 September 1745–18 August 1765 – Maria Theresa is Holy Roman Empress

1750
1750–March 1752 – François-Marie Arouet (Voltaire) moves to Prussia

20 January 1752 – foundation stone of the Royal Palace of Caserta (Reggia di Caserta) laid, in Caserta, southern Italy, constructed for the Spanish Bourbon kings of Naples

20 January 1752–1774 – construction of the Royal Palace of Caserta (Reggia di Caserta), Naples, with the exterior completed in 1774

1760s25 October 1760–29 January 1820 – reign of George III

5 January–9 July 1762 – Peter III is Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias

9 July 1762–17 November 1796 – Catherine II the Great is Empress and Autocrat of All the Russias

18 August 1765–20 February 1790 – Joseph II is Holy Roman Emperor

1770s17 December 1770 – birth of Ludwig van Beethoven in Bonn

1772
August 1772 – First Partition of Poland: Russian, Prussian and Austrian troops invade Poland and divide the provinces among themselves

5 August 1772 – treaty signed between Russia, Prussia and Austria to partition Poland

22 September 1772 – Polish partition treaty ratified

1773
16 December 1773 – Boston Tea Party, protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, against the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying taxes apart from those imposed by the Townshend Acts

10 May 1774–4 September 1791 – Louis XVI is King of France

October 1774 – Austrians occupy Bukovina

January 1775 – Bukovina formally annexed by Austria

19 April 1775–3 September 1783 – American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies (allied with France)

4 July 1776 – United States Declaration of Independence, ratified by the Second Continental Congress at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

1780s29 November 1780 – death of Maria Theresa

March 1781 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart summoned to Vienna, where Archbishop Colloredo was attending the celebrations for the accession of Joseph II

1786
17 August 1786 – death of Frederick II the Great at Sanssouci

17 August 1786–16 November 1797 – Frederick William II is King of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg

1787
19 August 1787–9 January 1792 – Russo–Turkish War

February 1788–4 August 1791 – Austro-Turkish War

21 June 1788 – United States Constitution ratified by the minimum of nine states required under Article VII

13 September 1788 – US Continental Congress passes a resolution to put the new Constitution into operation

1789
c. 1789–1792 – fictional dates when Victor Frankenstein studies at the University of Ingolstadt

30 April 1789–4 March 1797 – George Washington is first President of the United States

5 May 1789–9 November 1799 – the French Revolution

1790s1790
20 February 1790 – death of Joseph II

autumn c. 1790 – fictional date of Washington Irving’s short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

30 September 1790–1 March 1792 – Leopold II is Holy Roman Emperor

1791
6 September 1791 – premiere of La clemenza di Tito (The Clemency of Titus, K. 621) an opera seria in 2 acts composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to an Italian libretto by Caterino Mazzolà, at the Estates Theatre, Prague

30 September 1791 – premiere of The Magic Flute (Die Zauberflöte, K. 620), an opera in 2 acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a German libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder, at Schikaneder's theatre, the Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden, Vienna

5 December 1791 – death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in Vienna

1792
1792 – Matei Cantacuzino moves to Russia

9 January 1792 – signing of the Treaty of Jassy

November 1792 – Ludwig van Beethoven leaves Bonn for Vienna

c. 11 September 1797 – fictional date of the death of Victor Frankenstein

16 November 1797–7 June 1840 – Frederick William III is King of Prussia:

16 November 1797–6 August 1806 – Elector of Brandenburg

1 July 1798–2 September 1801 – the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria of Napoleon Bonaparte

c. 1799 – Francesco Filippo Indellicati (1767–1831) selected an early (“primo”) ripening plant of the Zagarese variety (from Croatian grapes Crljenak Kaštelanski and Tribidrag) and plants it in Liponti; Primitivo (Zinfandel) wines begin to be grown in Apulia

c. 1800 – Brâncoveanu Castle in Sâmbăta de Sus built by Grigore Brâncoveanu (1767–27 April 1832)

1800s1800
May 1800 – University of Ingolstadt moved to Landshut

18 May 1804–6 April 1814 – Napoléon Bonaparte is Emperor of the French

1805–1807 – Lord Byron at Trinity College, Cambridge

1809–July 1811 – Lord Byron goes on a Grand Tour of Europe, to Spain and Greece, Malta

12 February 1809 – birth of Charles Darwin in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England

1810s5 February 1811 – the Prince of Wales George becomes the Prince Regent

18 June 1815 – Battle of Waterloo

summer of 1816 – famous summer at the Villa Diodati by Lake Geneva, Switzerland, where Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley and Lord Byron meet

5 May 1818 – Karl Marx born to Heinrich Marx (a middle class lawyer) and Henrietta Pressburg in Trier