Chronology of the 12th Century

1100
5 December 1100–2 April 1118 – Baldwin I is King of Jerusalem:

Kings of Jerusalem
House of Boulogne (1099–1118)
22 July 1099–18 July 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon is Defender of the Holy Sepulchre
5 December 1100–2 April 1118 – Baldwin I

House of Rethel (1118–1153)
14 April 1118–21 August 1131 – Baldwin II
1131–1153 – Melisende is Queen of Jerusalem

House of Anjou (1153–1205)
August 1131–13 November 1143 – Fulk
25 December 1143–10 February 1163 – Baldwin III
February 1163–11 July 1174 – Amalric
11 July 1174–16 March 1185 – Baldwin IV
16 March 1185–August 1186 – Baldwin V
1186–25 July 1190 – Sibylla is Queen of Jerusalem
August 1186–summer 1190/May 1192 – Guy of Lusignan
summer 1190/1192–5 April 1205 – Isabella I of Jerusalem

1101
May–August 1101 – crusade of 1101

June 1101–28 September 1105 – Simon is Count of Sicily

c. October 1101 – Almoravids begin siege of Valencia

1102
5 May 1102 – Valencia captured by the Almoravids

1105
c. 1 January 1105 – death of Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire when travelling to Baghdad:

November 1092–c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire (proclaimed at Ray)

Baghdad
January 1105 – Malik-Shah II is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad
1105–18 April 1118 – Muhammad I Tapar is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad (theoretically the head of dynasty)
18 April 1118 – death of Muhammad I Tapar
April 1118–1131 – Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan of Baghdad)
1131–1134 – Toghrul II
1134–13 September 1152 – Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud
13 September 1152 – death of Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud at Hamadan
13 September 1152–1153 – Malik-Shah III
1153–December 1159/January 1160 – Muhammad II ibn Mahmud
December 1159/January 1160 – death of Muhammad II ibn Mahmud at Hamadan

Khorasan
1096 – Ahmad Sanjar given the province of Khorasan by Muhammad I
1097–1118 – Ahmad Sanjar is ruler of Khorasan
c. April 1118–8 May 1157 – Ahmad Sanjar is Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire (capital at Merv)
1119 – Ahmad Sanjar defeats Mahmud II at Sawa in northern Jibal

Hamadan
January 1159–October 1160 – Suleiman-Shah
1161–1176 – Arslan-Shah
1176–19 March 1194 – Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)

September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily:

July 1127 – Roger II inherits all Hauteville family possessions in the Italian peninsula and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after the death of William II of Apulia
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily

1106

1107
October 1107 – army of Bohemond of Tarente lands in Dyrrachium to conquer Byzantine Empire

November 1107–September 1108 – siege of Dyrrhachium by the Normans under Bohemond I of Antioch held by the doux Alexios Komnenos

1108
29 May 1108 – battle of Uclés between Christian forces of Castile and León under Alfonso VI and Muslim Almoravids under Tamim ibn-Yusuf, near Uclés just south of the river Tagus; Alfonso VI defeated

1109
21 April 1109 – death of Anselm of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury

1110
May 1110 – crusaders conquer Beirut

1111
22 February 1111 – death of Roger Borsa (Duke of Apulia and Calabria)

22 February 1111–July 1127 – William II is Duke of Apulia

13–29 September 1111 – battle of Shaizar between Crusader army under King Baldwin I of Jerusalem and a Seljuk army led by Mawdud ibn Altuntash of Mosul, at Shaizar, Syria; the result is a tactical draw

1114
November 1114 – William II comes of age and invested with ducky of Apulia by Pope Pascal II at the Council of Ceprano

1127
July 1127 – Roger II inherits all Hauteville family possessions in the Italian peninsula and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after the death of William II of Apulia

1127
1127–14 September 1146 – Imad ad-Din Zengi is Atabeg of Mosul:

1128–14 September 1146 – Imad ad-Din Zengi rules Aleppo

1138
April 1138 – armies of the Byzantine emperor and the crusader princes besiege Shaizar

1144
24 December 1144 – Zengi captures the crusader County of Edessa

1146
14 September 1146 – Imad ad-Din Zengi killed by Frankish slave named Yarankash:

Zengid Rulers
Zengid Emir of Mosul and the Jezirah (northern Iraq)
14 September 1146–November 1149 – Saif ad-Din Ghazi I
November 1149–6 September 1170 – Qutb ad-Din Mawdud
6 September 1170–1180 – Ghazi II Saif ud-Din
22 January 1171 – Imad ad-Din Zengi II (from Aleppo) captures Mosul
1180–1193 – Izz ad-Din Mas'ud
1193–1211 – Nur ad-Din Arslan Shah I

Aleppo
14 September 1146–15 May 1174 – Nur ad-Din

Damascus
1156–15 May 1174 – Nur ad-Din

September 1146–15 May 1174 – Nur ad-Din is Emir of Damascus and Aleppo:

Aleppo
14 September 1146–15 May 1174 – Nur ad-Din

Damascus
1156–15 May 1174 – Nur ad-Din

4 March 1152–10 June 1190 – Frederick I Barbarossa is King of Germany:

6 April 1147–4 March 1152 – Frederick I Barbarossa is Duke of Swabia
1152–10 June 1190 – Frederick I Barbarossa is King of Burgundy
1155–10 June 1190 – Frederick I Barbarossa is King of Italy
2 January 1155–10 June 1190 – Frederick I Barbarossa is Holy Roman Emperor

13 September 1152 – death of Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud at Hamadan:

Breakup of Seljuk Empire
Baghdad
19 November 1092–c. 11 November 1094 – Mahmud I of Great Seljuq
c. 11 November 1094 – death of Mahmud I at Baghdad
1105 – Malik-Shah II is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad
1105–1118 – Muhammad I Tapar is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad (theoretically the head of dynasty)
1118–1131 – Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan of Baghdad)
1131–1134 – Toghrul II
1134–13 September 1152 – Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud
13 September 1152 – death of Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud at Hamadan
1152–1153 – Malik-Shah III
1153–1159 – Muhammad II ibn Mahmud

Ray
November 1092–1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire (proclaimed at Ray)
February 1095? – Barkiyaruq recognised as sultan in Baghdad

Hamadan
January 1159–October 1160 – Suleiman-Shah
1161–1176 – Arslan-Shah
1176–19 March 1194 – Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)

Khorasan
1096 – Ahmad Sanjar given the province of Khorasan by Muhammad I
1097–1118 – Ahmad Sanjar is ruler of Khorasan
1118–8 May 1157 – Ahmad Sanjar is Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire

Seljuq Sultan of Damascus
1078–1092 – Tutush I (Seljuq emir of Damascus)
c. November 1092–March/April 1094 – Tutush I
March/April 1094 – death of Tutush I after defeat by Sultan Barkiyaruq near Ray

Ruler of Damascus
1095–1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus
1104–1128 – Toghtekin (atabeg of Damascus)

Ruler of Aleppo
1095–10 December 1113 – Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan (Seljuq ruler of Aleppo)

Seljuq Sultans of Rum
c. November 1092–1107 – Kilij Arslan I
1110–1116 – Malik Shah

19 March 1194 – death of Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)

1153–1160 – Muhammad II ibn Mahmud is Seljuk Sultan of Hamadan:

Seljuk Sultans of Hamadan (1118–1194)
1118–1131 – Mahmud II
1131 – Da'ud (in Jibal and Iranian Azerbaijan)
1131–1134 – Tugrul II
1134–1152 – Mas'ud
1152–1153 – Malik Shah III
1153–1160 – Muhammad II
1160–1161 – Suleiman Shah
1161–1174 – Arslan Shah
1174–1194 – Tugrul III

1160
12 March 1160–18 December 1170 – Al-Mustanjid is 32nd Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad

23 July 1160–13 September 1171 – Al-Adid is last Caliph of the Fatimid Dynasty in Egypt

1161

1169
26 March 1169–11 September 1171 – Saladin is vizier of Fatimid Egypt; he receives the title of al-Malik al-Nasir (King Protector)

1170
28 November 1170–20 January 1191 – Frederick VI Hohenstaufen is Duke of Swabia

1171
13 September 1171 – death of Al-Adid, the last Caliph of the Fatimid Dynasty in Egypt

1171–1260 – Ayyubid Sultanate in Egypt and Syria

17 September 1171 – Abbasid khutba (Friday sermon) pronounced in Fustat and Cairo

1172
1172–1200 – Ala ad-Din Tekish is Shah of the Khwarazmian Empire:

Shah of the Khwarazmian Empire
1127–1156 – Atsiz
1156–1172 – Il-Arslan
1172–1200 – Ala ad-Din Tekish
1200–1220 – Terken Khatun (wife of Ala ad-Din Tekish) as regent
1200–1220 – Muhammad II of Khwarazm
1220–1231 – Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu

1174
15 May 1174 – death of Nur ad-Din in the citadel of Damascus

1174 – As-Salih Ismail al-Malik is emir of Damascus (died 1181)

11 July 1174–16 March 1185 – Baldwin IV the Leper is King of Jerusalem

23 November 1174 – Saladin takes Damascus from the Zengids

1174? – Saladin assumes the title of sultan in Egypt

1174–4 March 1193 – Saladin is Sultan of Egypt and Syria

1182
11 May 1182 – Saladin leaves Cairo with half of the Egyptian Ayyubid army for Syria

21 May 1182 – Saladin camped near Aleppo

12 June 1182 – Aleppo taken by Saladin

10 November 1182 – Saladin lays siege to Mosul

30 December 1182 – Saladin takes Sinjar

1183

1184
1184–2 October 1187 – fictional date of film Kingdom of Heaven, directed and produced by Ridley Scott, starring Orlando Bloom, Eva Green, Ghassan Massoud, Jeremy Irons, David Thewlis, Brendan Gleeson, Iain Glen, Marton Csokas, Liam Neeson

1185
16 March 1185 – death of Baldwin IV the Leper, King of Jerusalem

16 March 1185–August 1186 – sole reign of Baldwin V as King of Jerusalem

1186
August 1186 – death of Baldwin V (King of Jerusalem) at Acre

1186–25 July 1190 – Sibylla is Queen of Jerusalem

August 1186–summer 1190/May 1192 – Guy of Lusignan is King of Jerusalem

1187
3–4 July 1187 – battle of Hattin between the Crusader states led by Guy of Lusignan and the Ayyubid sultan Salah ad-Din (Saladin); Saladin captured or killed the vast majority of the Crusader forces

4 July 1187–May 1188 – Guy of Lusignan in captivity

20 September–2 October 1187 – siege of Jerusalem by Saladin; Balian of Ibelin surrenders the city to Saladin; capital of Kingdom of Jerusalem shifts first to Tyre and later to Acre after the Third Crusade

2 October 1187 – Balian of Ibelin surrenders Jerusalem to Saladin

1188
May 1188 – Guy of Lusignan released from imprisonment in Damascus

1189
1189–1192 – fictional date of the Doctor Who serial “Time Warrior”?

11 May 1189–2 September 1192 – Third Crusade led by King Richard I of England, King Philip II of France, and Frederick Barbarossa

3 September 1189–6 April 1199 – Richard I is King of England, Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and overlord of Brittany

13 September 1189 – Richard I crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey

11 December 1189 – Richard I leaves England; government entrusted to William Longchamp (the Bishop of Ely) as chancellor

1190
10 June 1190 – Emperor Frederick Barbarossa drowns near Silifke Castle in the Saleph river

July/August 1190 – death of Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem in an epidemic

autumn 1190 – fictional date of the Doctor Who serial “Robot of Sherwood,” set in Sherwood Forest, Nottingham

September 1190–April 1191 – King Richard I of England and King Philip II of France occupy Sicily

1191
20 January 1191 – death of Frederick VI of Hohenstaufen (Duke of Swabia) dies of disease, aged 23, at Acre

8 June 1191 – King Richard I lands at Acre

October 1191 (or 1192) – fictional date of Doctor Who serial “The Crusade,” set in Jaffa, Palestine

1191 – fictional date of Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves

1192
May 1192 – Guy de Lusignan buys Cyprus from the Templars

9 October 1192 – King Richard I (ill with scurvy) leaves for England

1194
4 February 1194 – King Richard I released from imprisonment in Trifels Castle by Henry VI (Holy Roman Emperor)

March–May 1194 – Richard I returns to England

19 March 1194 – death of Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)

18 July 1194 – death of Guy of Lusignan in Cyprus

1199
6 April 1199 – death of Richard the Lionheart at Château de Chalus-Chabrol, Châlus, Haute-Vienne, France

27 May 1199–19 October 1216 – John is King of England

c. April 1199 – fictional date of Robin Hood (2010 film)

1202
October 1202–April 1204 – Fourth Crusade, called by Pope Innocent III, to reconquer Jerusalem by an invasion through Egypt; the Crusaders sacked Constantinople

12–13 April 1204 – capture of Constantinople

1207 – fictional date of early scene of the Doctor Who serial “The Bells of Saint John,” set in a monastery in Cumbria

3–5 March 1215 – fictional date of Doctor Who serial “The King’s Demons”