Chronology of the 11th Century

April 962 – Alp-Tegin (with his guard of Turkic slave-soldiers and group of Iranian ghazis) defeats a Samanid army at Balkh

September 963 – death of Alp-Tegin as Samanid governor of Ghazna:

Samanid Governor of Ghazna / Emir of Ghazna
September 963–November 966 – Abu Ishaq Ibrahim of Ghazna
12 November 966–975 – Bilgetegin
974/975–20 April 977 – Böritigin of Ghazni
20 April 977–5 August 997 – Abu Mansur Sabuktigin
5 August 997–998 – Ismail of Ghazni
998–30 April 1030 – Mahmud of Ghazni

18 March 978–1013 – Æthelred the Unready is king of England (first reign)

986–1014 – Sweyn I Forkbeard is king of Denmark

990–992 – Hasan (or Harun) b. Sulayman (a Karakhanid ruler) attackes the Samanids and captures Isfijab, Ferghana, Ilaq, Samarkand, and the Samanid capital Bukhara, but these are retaken late

997 – Kara-Khanid conquest of Tashkent

998
March 998–30 April 1030 – Mahmud of Ghazni is Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire:

Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire (977–1186)
Ghaznavids were Persianised Turks
May 1030–August 1030 – Muhammad of Ghazni (first reign)
August 1030–c. 23 December 1040 – Mas'ud I
21 December 1040–April 1041 – Muhammad of Ghazni (second reign)
28 April 1041–winter 1050 – Mawdud of Ghazni

999
February–October 999 – 'Abd al-Malik II is the last Samanid ruler

23 October 999 – Kara-Khanid conquest of Bukhara and Transoxiana; Kara-Khanid divide Samanid realm with Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud

1000
25 December 1000–15 August 1038 – Saint Stephen I is king of Hungary:

House of Árpád (c. 895–14 January 1301)
15 August 1038–September 1041 – Peter the Venetian
September 1046–December 1060 – Andrew I the White
6 December 1060–11 September 1063 – Béla I the Champion
September 1063–14 March 1074 – Solomon
14 March 1074–25 April 1077 – Géza I Magnus
25 April 1077–29 July 1095 – Saint Ladislaus I
1095–3 February 1116 – Coloman the Learned

25 December 1013–3 February 1014 – Sweyn Forkbeard is king of England:

18 March 978–1013 – Æthelred the Unready is king of England (first reign)
986–1014 – Sweyn I Forkbeard is king of Denmark
3 February 1014–23 April 1016 – Æthelred the Unready (second reign)

18 October 1016–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is king of England:

1018–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is King of Denmark
1028–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is King of Norway

18 October 1016–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is king of England:

House of Wessex
3 February 1014–23 April 1016 – Æthelred the Unready (second reign)
23 April 1016–30 November 1016 – Edmund Ironside

House of Denmark
18 October 1016–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great
c. 18 October 1016–30 November 1016 – Edmund Ironside is king in Wessex
30 November 1016 – death of Edmund Ironside
12 November 1035–17 March 1040 – Harold Harefoot
17 March 1040–8 June 1042 – Harthacnut

House of Wessex
8 June 1042–5 January 1066 – Edward the Confessor

House of Godwin
6 January 1066–14 October 1066 – Harold Godwinson

c. 18 October 1016–30 November 1016 – Edmund Ironside is king in Wessex

30 November 1016 – death of Edmund Ironside

1020–June 1045 – Rainulf Drengot (Ranulf) is first Norman count of Aversa:

1045 – Asclettin Drengot
1045–1046 – Rodulf Cappello
1045–1048 – Rainulf II Trincanocte
1048–1049 – Herman
1049–1078 – Richard I
Count of Aversa and Prince of Capua
1058 – Richard I conquers the Principality of Capua and becomes prince of Capua
1078–1091 – Jordan I
1090/1091–1105/1106 – Richard II
1106–1120 – Robert I
1120 – Richard III
June 1120–19 December 1127 – Jordan II
1127–1156 – Robert II

15 December 1025–11 November 1028 – Constantine VIII is Byzantine Emperor

14 April 1028–5 October 1056 – Henry III is King of Germany (King of the Romans):

4 June 1039–5 October 1056 – Henry III is King of Italy
4 June 1039–5 October 1056 – Henry III is King of Burgundy
25 December 1046–5 October 1056 – Henry III is Holy Roman Emperor

1030
1030–17 January 1040 – Mas'ud I is Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire

1032–21 March 1076 – Robert I the Old is Duke of Burgundy:

1004 – Burgundy annexed by the king
House of Capet (1004–1032)
House of Burgundy (1032–1361)
1032–21 March 1076 – Robert I the Old
21 March 1076–1079 – Hugh I
1079–23 March 1103 – Odo I Borel the Red
23 March 1103–1143 – Hugh II

April 1033/1034–21 April 1109 – life of Anselm of Canterbury, the Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian, and archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109

1035
1035–25 October 1047 – Magnus the Good (Magnus Olafsson) is king of Norway

3 July 1035–9 September 1087 – William the Conqueror is Duke of Normandy

1037
1037–4 September 1063 – Tughril is Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire

1040
23 May 1040 – battle of Dandanaqan between Tughril (and his brother Chaghri Beg) of the Seljuqs and Mas'ud of Ghaznavid Empire; the Seljuq victory ends Ghaznavid domination in the Khorasan

September 1042–1046 – William I of Hauteville is elected count by the Normans

1046–25 September 1066 – Harald Sigurdsson (Hardrada) is king of Norway

1046–10 August 1051 – Drogo of Hauteville is Count of Apulia and Calabria

August 1051–August 1057 – Humphrey of Hauteville is Count of Apulia and Calabria

18 June 1053 – battle of Civitate between the Normans led by Humphrey of Hauteville (Count of Apulia) and a Swabian-Italian-Lombard army (organised by Pope Leo IX) led by Gerard (Duke of Lorraine) and Rudolf (Prince of Benevento); the Norman victory led to the capture of Leo IX, and his imprisonment in Benevento

November 1053–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is King of Germany:

November 1053–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is King of Germany
5 October 1056–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is King of Italy and Burgundy
5 October 1056–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is Holy Roman Emperor

5 June 1057–22 November 1059 – Isaac I Komnenos Byzantine emperor

August 1057–23 August 1059 – Robert Guiscard is Count of Apulia and Calabria:

23 August 1059–17 July 1085 – Robert Guiscard is duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily

23 August 1059 – Pope Nicholas II invests Robert Guiscard as duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily

24 November 1059–22 May 1067 – Constantine X Doukas is Byzantine emperor:

Macedonian Dynasty (867–1056)
10 January 976–15 December 1025 – Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer
15 December 1025–15 November 1028 – Constantine VIII the Purple-born
15 November 1028–June 1050 – Zoe the Purple-born
15 November 1028–11 April 1034 – Romanos III Argyros
11 April 1034–10 December 1041 – Michael IV the Paphlagonian
10 December 1041–20 April 1042 – Michael V the Caulker
19 April 1042–after 31 August 1056 – Theodora the Purple-born
11 June 1042–7/8/11 January 1055 – Constantine IX Monomachos

September 1056–31 August 1057 – Michael VI Bringas Stratiotikos (the Old)

Komnenid Dynasty (1057–1059)
5 June 1057–22 November 1059 – Isaac I Komnenos

Doukid Dynasty (1059–1081)
24 November 1059–22 May 1067 – Constantine X Doukas
22 May 1067–24 March 1078 – Michael VII Doukas
1 January 1068–24 October 1071 – Romanos IV Diogenes
31 March 1078–4 April 1081 – Nikephoros III Botaneiates

Komnenid Dynasty (1081–1185)
4 April 1081–15 August 1118 – Alexios I Komnenos
15 August 1118–8 April 1143 – John II Komnenos
8 April 1143–24 September 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos the Great
24 September 1180–October 1183 – Alexios II Komnenos
1183–11 September 1185 – Andronikos I Komnenos

4 August 1060–29 July 1108 – Philip I the Amorous is king of France:

House of Capet
3 July 987–24 October 996 – Hugh Capet
24 October 996–20 July 1031 – Robert II the Pious (the Wise)
20 July 1031–4 August 1060 – Henry I
4 August 1060–29 July 1108 – Philip I the Amorous
29 July 1108–1 August 1137 – Louis VI the Fat
1 August 1137–18 September 1180 – Louis VII the Young
18 September 1180–14 July 1223 – Philip II Augustus

1061
May 1061 – Robert Guiscard and Roger I cross from Reggio and capture Messina in Sicily

May 1061–1091 – Norman conquest of Sicily:

June 1063 – battle of Cerami between the Normans under the command of Roger de Hauteville and a Muslim alliance of Sicilian and Zirid troops
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily, with the agreement of Pope Innocent II

1063
June 1063 – battle of Cerami between the Normans under the command of Roger de Hauteville and a Muslim alliance of Sicilian and Zirid troops

4 September 1063–15 December 1072 – Alp Arslan (Heroic Lion; Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri) is Sultan of the Seljuk Empire:

1037–4 September 1063 – Tughril Beg
4 September 1063–15 December 1072 – Alp Arslan
15 December 1072–19 November 1092 – Malik-Shah I
19 November 1092–1094 – Mahmud I
1092–1105 – Barkiyaruq
1105 – Malik-Shah II
1105–1118 – Muhammad I Tapar
1118–1131 – Mahmud II is Seljuq sultan of Baghdad

c. December 1063 – battle of Damghan between Qutalmısh and Alp Arslan

1066
5 January 1066 – Edward the Confessor dies at London

5 January–14 October 1066 – Harold Godwinson is king of England

20 March 1066 – Halley’s Comet reaches perihelion

April 1066 – Halley’s Comet appears over France and Britain

April–May 1066 – the fleet of Tostig raids Sandwich and the old kingdom of Lindsay (northern Lincolnshire)

August/September 1066 – fictional date of the Doctor Who serial “The Time Meddler,” set in Northumbria, north of the Humber river

c. 1–7 September 1066 – Hardrada raids Scarborough and slaughters inhabitants

18 September 1066 – Harald Hardrada of Norway sails his fleet up the Humber Estuary

20 September 1066 – forces of Hardrada and Tostig defeat the English earls Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria at the Battle of Fulford near York

25 September 1066 – battle of Stamford Bridge: Harold Godwinson defeats Hardrada and Tostig, who were both killed

1066–28 April 1069 – Magnus II is King of Norway

14 October 1066 – battle of Hastings between the Norman-French army of William (Duke of Normandy) and an English army under King Harold Godwinson, 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, East Sussex

25 December 1066–9 September 1087 – William the Conqueror is king of England

30 December 1066 – 1066 Granada massacre: a Muslim mob storms the royal palace in Granada, in the Taifa of Granada and crucifies the vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela

1067
1067–22 September 1093 – Olaf III is co-king of Norway

1070s
1070s – the Bayeux Tapestry (commissioned by Bishop Odo) made in England

26 August 1071 – battle of Manzikert between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire near Manzikert; decisive defeat of the Byzantine army and the capture of the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes

1072
January 1072 – Robert Guiscard invests Roger I as Count of Sicily

January 1072–22 June 1101 – Roger I is the first Norman Count of Sicily:

House of Hauteville 1130–1198
June 1101–28 September 1105 – Simon
September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily
July 1127 – Roger II inherits Hauteville possessions and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after death of William II of Apulia
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily
26 February 1154–7 May 1166 – William I the Bad

House of Hohenstaufen 1194–1266
November 1198–13 December 1250 – Frederick II
22 November 1220–17 July 1245 – Frederick II is Holy Roman Emperor

1085
c. 17 July 1085–22 February 1111 – Roger Borsa is Duke of Apulia and Calabria:

Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily
23 August 1059–17 July 1085 – Robert Guiscard
c. 17 July 1085–22 February 1111 – Roger Borsa
February 1111–July 1127 – William II is Duke of Apulia
September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily

1087
9 September 1087 – King William I (the Conqueror) dies in Rouen after a fall from his horse

26 September 1087–2 August 1100 – William II is king of England

1088
spring 1088 – rebellion of Odo of Bayeux and Robert (2nd Earl of Cornwall), half-brothers of William the Conqueror, against King William II

1089
1089–3 March 1111 – Bohemond I is Prince of Taranto

1089 – the Seljuks capture Samarkand and conquer the Western Kara-Khanid Khanate

1091
February 1091 – Normans take Noto: completion of 30-year-long conquest of Sicily

29 April 1091 – battle of Levounion: Alexios I Komnenos and his Cuman allies defeat an invading force of Pechenegs

June/July 1091 – Norman invasion of Malta by forces of Roger I

1092
October 1092–May 1094 – siege of Valencia by El Cid

19 November 1092 – death of Malik-Shah I after a hunting expedition outside Baghdad:

Breakup of Seljuk Empire
Baghdad
19 November 1092–c. 11 November 1094 – Mahmud I of Great Seljuq
c. 11 November 1094 – death of Mahmud I at Baghdad
1105 – Malik-Shah II is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad
1105–1118 – Muhammad I Tapar is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad (theoretically the head of dynasty)
1118–1131 – Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan of Baghdad)
1131–1134 – Toghrul II
1134–13 September 1152 – Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud
13 September 1152 – death of Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud at Hamadan
1152–1153 – Malik-Shah III
1153–1159 – Muhammad II ibn Mahmud

Ray
November 1092–c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire (proclaimed at Ray)
February 1095 – Barkiyaruq recognised as sultan in Baghdad

Hamadan
January 1159–October 1160 – Suleiman-Shah
1161–1176 – Arslan-Shah
1176–19 March 1194 – Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)

Khorasan
1096 – Ahmad Sanjar given the province of Khorasan by Muhammad I
1097–1118 – Ahmad Sanjar is ruler of Khorasan
1118–8 May 1157 – Ahmad Sanjar is Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire

Seljuq Sultan of Damascus
1078–1092 – Tutush I (Seljuq emir of Damascus)
c. November 1092–26 February 1095 – Tutush I
26 February 1095 – death of Tutush I after defeat by Sultan Barkiyaruq near Ray

Ruler of Damascus
c. February 1095–8 June 1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus
1104–October 1104 – Tutush II
October 1104 – Irtash
Burid Atabeg of Damascus
8 June 1104–12 February 1128 – Toghtekin (founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus)
February 1128–9 June 1132 – Taj al-Muluk Buri
June 1132–1 February 1135 – Shams-ul-Mulk Isma'il
February 1135–23 June 1139 – Shihab ad-Din Mahmud
1139–1140 – Jemal ad-Din Muhammad
1140–April 1154 – Mujir ad-Din Abaq

Ruler of Aleppo
1095–10 December 1113 – Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan (Seljuq ruler of Aleppo)

Seljuq Sultans of Rum
c. November 1092–1107 – Kilij Arslan I
1110–1116 – Malik Shah

19 March 1194 – death of Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)

November 1092–c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire (proclaimed at Ray)

19 November 1092–c. 11 November 1094 – Mahmud I of Great Seljuq

1093
winter 1093–1094 – Tutush spends winter in Damascus

1094
1094–28 February 1105 – Raymond IV is Count of Toulouse

May 1094 – El Cid completes conquest of Valencia, Spain

May 1094–10 July 1099 – Rodrigo Díal de Vivor (El Cid) is Prince of Valencia

8 October 1094 – St Mark’s Basilica consecrated in Venice

c. 11 November 1094 – death of Mahmud I at Baghdad

1095
January 1095 – Tutush gains recognition as sultan from the Abbāsid caliph; Tutush controls Syria, Anatolia, Iraq, and western Persia

26 February 1095 – battle of Dashlu between Tutush I and Sultan Barkiyaruq near Ray; defeat of Tutush I

c. 26 February 1095 – death of Tutush I near Ray

c. February 1095–8 June 1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus:

Ruler of Damascus
c. February 1095–8 June 1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus
1104–October 1104 – Tutush II
October 1104 – Irtash

Burid Atabeg of Damascus
8 June 1104–12 February 1128 – Toghtekin (founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus)
February 1128–9 June 1132 – Taj al-Muluk Buri
June 1132–1 February 1135 – Shams-ul-Mulk Isma'il
February 1135–23 June 1139 – Shihab ad-Din Mahmud
1139–1140 – Jemal ad-Din Muhammad
1140–April 1154 – Mujir ad-Din Abaq

February 1095 – Barkiyaruq recognised as sultan in Baghdad

18–28 November 1095 – the Council of Clermont, a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, called by Pope Urban II, held at Clermont, Auvergne, Duchy of Aquitaine

27 November 1095 – Pope Urban’s speech and call for the First Crusade

1096
15 August 1096–15 July 1099 – the First Crusade

April–October 1096 – the People’s Crusade (Peasants’ Crusade, Paupers’ Crusade), led by Peter the Hermit with forces of Walter Sans Avoir; army destroyed by the Seljuk forces of Kilij Arslan at Civetot, northwestern Anatolia

c. August 1096 – four main crusader armies leave Europe

November 1096–April 1097 – armies of Princes gather in Constantinople

1097
21 October 1097–3 June 1098 – siege of Antioch during the First Crusade

1098
1098–1100 – Baldwin I is Count of Edessa

July 1098–3 March 1111 – Bohemond I is Prince of Antioch

1099
7 June–15 July 1099 – siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade

14 July 1099 – night: Crusaders launch a two-pronged assault on the walls of Jerusalem

22 July 1099–18 July 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon is Defender of the Holy Sepulchre:

Kings of Jerusalem
House of Boulogne (1099–1118)
22 July 1099–18 July 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon is Defender of the Holy Sepulchre
5 December 1100–2 April 1118 – Baldwin I

House of Rethel (1118–1153)
14 April 1118–21 August 1131 – Baldwin II
1131–1153 – Melisende is Queen of Jerusalem

House of Anjou (1153–1205)
August 1131–13 November 1143 – Fulk
25 December 1143–10 February 1163 – Baldwin III
February 1163–11 July 1174 – Amalric
11 July 1174–16 March 1185 – Baldwin IV
16 March 1185–August 1186 – Baldwin V
1186–25 July 1190 – Sibylla is Queen of Jerusalem
August 1186–summer 1190/May 1192 – Guy of Lusignan
summer 1190/1192–5 April 1205 – Isabella I of Jerusalem

12 August 1099 – battle of Ascalon after the capture of Jerusalem: a crusader army led by Godfrey of Bouillon defeats a Fatimid army

1101
May–August 1101 – crusade of 1101

June 1101–28 September 1105 – Simon is Count of Sicily

c. October 1101 – Almoravids begin siege of Valencia

1102
5 May 1102 – Valencia captured by the Almoravids

1105
c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire in in Borujerd

September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily:

July 1127 – Roger II inherits all Hauteville family possessions in the Italian peninsula and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after the death of William II of Apulia
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily

1111–July 1127 – William II is Duke of Apulia

July 1127 – Roger II inherits all Hauteville family possessions in the Italian peninsula and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after the death of William II of Apulia

1207 – fictional date of early scene of the Doctor Who serial “The Bells of Saint John,” set in Cumbria