April 962 – Alp-Tegin (with his guard of Turkic slave-soldiers and group of Iranian ghazis) defeats a Samanid army at Balkh
September 963 – death of Alp-Tegin as Samanid governor of Ghazna:Samanid Governor of Ghazna / Emir of Ghazna18 March 978–1013 – Æthelred the Unready is king of England (first reign)
September 963–November 966 – Abu Ishaq Ibrahim of Ghazna
12 November 966–975 – Bilgetegin
974/975–20 April 977 – Böritigin of Ghazni
20 April 977–5 August 997 – Abu Mansur Sabuktigin
5 August 997–998 – Ismail of Ghazni
998–30 April 1030 – Mahmud of Ghazni
986–1014 – Sweyn I Forkbeard is king of Denmark
990–992 – Hasan (or Harun) b. Sulayman (a Karakhanid ruler) attackes the Samanids and captures Isfijab, Ferghana, Ilaq, Samarkand, and the Samanid capital Bukhara, but these are retaken late
997 – Kara-Khanid conquest of Tashkent
998
March 998–30 April 1030 – Mahmud of Ghazni is Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire:Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire (977–1186)999
Ghaznavids were Persianised Turks
May 1030–August 1030 – Muhammad of Ghazni (first reign)
August 1030–c. 23 December 1040 – Mas'ud I
21 December 1040–April 1041 – Muhammad of Ghazni (second reign)
28 April 1041–winter 1050 – Mawdud of Ghazni
February–October 999 – 'Abd al-Malik II is the last Samanid ruler
23 October 999 – Kara-Khanid conquest of Bukhara and Transoxiana; Kara-Khanid divide Samanid realm with Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud
1000
25 December 1000–15 August 1038 – Saint Stephen I is king of Hungary:House of Árpád (c. 895–14 January 1301)25 December 1013–3 February 1014 – Sweyn Forkbeard is king of England:
15 August 1038–September 1041 – Peter the Venetian
September 1046–December 1060 – Andrew I the White
6 December 1060–11 September 1063 – Béla I the Champion
September 1063–14 March 1074 – Solomon
14 March 1074–25 April 1077 – Géza I Magnus
25 April 1077–29 July 1095 – Saint Ladislaus I
1095–3 February 1116 – Coloman the Learned18 March 978–1013 – Æthelred the Unready is king of England (first reign)18 October 1016–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is king of England:
986–1014 – Sweyn I Forkbeard is king of Denmark
3 February 1014–23 April 1016 – Æthelred the Unready (second reign)1018–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is King of Denmark18 October 1016–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is king of England:
1028–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is King of NorwayHouse of Wessexc. 18 October 1016–30 November 1016 – Edmund Ironside is king in Wessex
3 February 1014–23 April 1016 – Æthelred the Unready (second reign)
23 April 1016–30 November 1016 – Edmund Ironside
House of Denmark
18 October 1016–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great
c. 18 October 1016–30 November 1016 – Edmund Ironside is king in Wessex
30 November 1016 – death of Edmund Ironside
12 November 1035–17 March 1040 – Harold Harefoot
17 March 1040–8 June 1042 – Harthacnut
House of Wessex
8 June 1042–5 January 1066 – Edward the Confessor
House of Godwin
6 January 1066–14 October 1066 – Harold Godwinson
30 November 1016 – death of Edmund Ironside
1020–June 1045 – Rainulf Drengot (Ranulf) is first Norman count of Aversa:1045 – Asclettin Drengot15 December 1025–11 November 1028 – Constantine VIII is Byzantine Emperor
1045–1046 – Rodulf Cappello
1045–1048 – Rainulf II Trincanocte
1048–1049 – Herman
1049–1078 – Richard I
Count of Aversa and Prince of Capua
1058 – Richard I conquers the Principality of Capua and becomes prince of Capua
1078–1091 – Jordan I
1090/1091–1105/1106 – Richard II
1106–1120 – Robert I
1120 – Richard III
June 1120–19 December 1127 – Jordan II
1127–1156 – Robert II
14 April 1028–5 October 1056 – Henry III is King of Germany (King of the Romans):4 June 1039–5 October 1056 – Henry III is King of Italy1030
4 June 1039–5 October 1056 – Henry III is King of Burgundy
25 December 1046–5 October 1056 – Henry III is Holy Roman Emperor
1030–17 January 1040 – Mas'ud I is Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire
1032–21 March 1076 – Robert I the Old is Duke of Burgundy:1004 – Burgundy annexed by the kingApril 1033/1034–21 April 1109 – life of Anselm of Canterbury, the Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian, and archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109
House of Capet (1004–1032)
House of Burgundy (1032–1361)
1032–21 March 1076 – Robert I the Old
21 March 1076–1079 – Hugh I
1079–23 March 1103 – Odo I Borel the Red
23 March 1103–1143 – Hugh II
1035
1035–25 October 1047 – Magnus the Good (Magnus Olafsson) is king of Norway
3 July 1035–9 September 1087 – William the Conqueror is Duke of Normandy
1037
1037–4 September 1063 – Tughril is Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire
1040
23 May 1040 – battle of Dandanaqan between Tughril (and his brother Chaghri Beg) of the Seljuqs and Mas'ud of Ghaznavid Empire; the Seljuq victory ends Ghaznavid domination in the Khorasan
September 1042–1046 – William I of Hauteville is elected count by the Normans
1046–25 September 1066 – Harald Sigurdsson (Hardrada) is king of Norway
1046–10 August 1051 – Drogo of Hauteville is Count of Apulia and Calabria
August 1051–August 1057 – Humphrey of Hauteville is Count of Apulia and Calabria
18 June 1053 – battle of Civitate between the Normans led by Humphrey of Hauteville (Count of Apulia) and a Swabian-Italian-Lombard army (organised by Pope Leo IX) led by Gerard (Duke of Lorraine) and Rudolf (Prince of Benevento); the Norman victory led to the capture of Leo IX, and his imprisonment in Benevento
November 1053–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is King of Germany:November 1053–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is King of Germany5 June 1057–22 November 1059 – Isaac I Komnenos Byzantine emperor
5 October 1056–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is King of Italy and Burgundy
5 October 1056–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is Holy Roman Emperor
August 1057–23 August 1059 – Robert Guiscard is Count of Apulia and Calabria:23 August 1059–17 July 1085 – Robert Guiscard is duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily23 August 1059 – Pope Nicholas II invests Robert Guiscard as duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily
24 November 1059–22 May 1067 – Constantine X Doukas is Byzantine emperor:Macedonian Dynasty (867–1056)4 August 1060–29 July 1108 – Philip I the Amorous is king of France:
10 January 976–15 December 1025 – Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer
15 December 1025–15 November 1028 – Constantine VIII the Purple-born
15 November 1028–June 1050 – Zoe the Purple-born
15 November 1028–11 April 1034 – Romanos III Argyros
11 April 1034–10 December 1041 – Michael IV the Paphlagonian
10 December 1041–20 April 1042 – Michael V the Caulker
19 April 1042–after 31 August 1056 – Theodora the Purple-born
11 June 1042–7/8/11 January 1055 – Constantine IX Monomachos
September 1056–31 August 1057 – Michael VI Bringas Stratiotikos (the Old)
Komnenid Dynasty (1057–1059)
5 June 1057–22 November 1059 – Isaac I Komnenos
Doukid Dynasty (1059–1081)
24 November 1059–22 May 1067 – Constantine X Doukas
22 May 1067–24 March 1078 – Michael VII Doukas
1 January 1068–24 October 1071 – Romanos IV Diogenes
31 March 1078–4 April 1081 – Nikephoros III Botaneiates
Komnenid Dynasty (1081–1185)
4 April 1081–15 August 1118 – Alexios I Komnenos
15 August 1118–8 April 1143 – John II Komnenos
8 April 1143–24 September 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos the Great
24 September 1180–October 1183 – Alexios II Komnenos
1183–11 September 1185 – Andronikos I KomnenosHouse of Capet1061
3 July 987–24 October 996 – Hugh Capet
24 October 996–20 July 1031 – Robert II the Pious (the Wise)
20 July 1031–4 August 1060 – Henry I
4 August 1060–29 July 1108 – Philip I the Amorous
29 July 1108–1 August 1137 – Louis VI the Fat
1 August 1137–18 September 1180 – Louis VII the Young
18 September 1180–14 July 1223 – Philip II Augustus
May 1061 – Robert Guiscard and Roger I cross from Reggio and capture Messina in Sicily
May 1061–1091 – Norman conquest of Sicily:June 1063 – battle of Cerami between the Normans under the command of Roger de Hauteville and a Muslim alliance of Sicilian and Zirid troops1063
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily, with the agreement of Pope Innocent II
June 1063 – battle of Cerami between the Normans under the command of Roger de Hauteville and a Muslim alliance of Sicilian and Zirid troops
4 September 1063–15 December 1072 – Alp Arslan (Heroic Lion; Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri) is Sultan of the Seljuk Empire:1037–4 September 1063 – Tughril Begc. December 1063 – battle of Damghan between Qutalmısh and Alp Arslan
4 September 1063–15 December 1072 – Alp Arslan
15 December 1072–19 November 1092 – Malik-Shah I
19 November 1092–1094 – Mahmud I
1092–1105 – Barkiyaruq
1105 – Malik-Shah II
1105–1118 – Muhammad I Tapar
1118–1131 – Mahmud II is Seljuq sultan of Baghdad
1066
5 January 1066 – Edward the Confessor dies at London
5 January–14 October 1066 – Harold Godwinson is king of England
20 March 1066 – Halley’s Comet reaches perihelion
April 1066 – Halley’s Comet appears over France and Britain
April–May 1066 – the fleet of Tostig raids Sandwich and the old kingdom of Lindsay (northern Lincolnshire)
August/September 1066 – fictional date of the Doctor Who serial “The Time Meddler,” set in Northumbria, north of the Humber river
c. 1–7 September 1066 – Hardrada raids Scarborough and slaughters inhabitants
18 September 1066 – Harald Hardrada of Norway sails his fleet up the Humber Estuary
20 September 1066 – forces of Hardrada and Tostig defeat the English earls Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria at the Battle of Fulford near York
25 September 1066 – battle of Stamford Bridge: Harold Godwinson defeats Hardrada and Tostig, who were both killed
1066–28 April 1069 – Magnus II is King of Norway
14 October 1066 – battle of Hastings between the Norman-French army of William (Duke of Normandy) and an English army under King Harold Godwinson, 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, East Sussex
25 December 1066–9 September 1087 – William the Conqueror is king of England
30 December 1066 – 1066 Granada massacre: a Muslim mob storms the royal palace in Granada, in the Taifa of Granada and crucifies the vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela
1067
1067–22 September 1093 – Olaf III is co-king of Norway
1070s
1070s – the Bayeux Tapestry (commissioned by Bishop Odo) made in England
26 August 1071 – battle of Manzikert between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire near Manzikert; decisive defeat of the Byzantine army and the capture of the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes
1072
January 1072 – Robert Guiscard invests Roger I as Count of Sicily
January 1072–22 June 1101 – Roger I is the first Norman Count of Sicily:House of Hauteville 1130–11981085
June 1101–28 September 1105 – Simon
September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily
July 1127 – Roger II inherits Hauteville possessions and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after death of William II of Apulia
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily
26 February 1154–7 May 1166 – William I the Bad
House of Hohenstaufen 1194–1266
November 1198–13 December 1250 – Frederick II
22 November 1220–17 July 1245 – Frederick II is Holy Roman Emperor
c. 17 July 1085–22 February 1111 – Roger Borsa is Duke of Apulia and Calabria:Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily1087
23 August 1059–17 July 1085 – Robert Guiscard
c. 17 July 1085–22 February 1111 – Roger Borsa
February 1111–July 1127 – William II is Duke of Apulia
September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily
9 September 1087 – King William I (the Conqueror) dies in Rouen after a fall from his horse
26 September 1087–2 August 1100 – William II is king of England
1088
spring 1088 – rebellion of Odo of Bayeux and Robert (2nd Earl of Cornwall), half-brothers of William the Conqueror, against King William II
1089
1089–3 March 1111 – Bohemond I is Prince of Taranto
1089 – the Seljuks capture Samarkand and conquer the Western Kara-Khanid Khanate
1091
February 1091 – Normans take Noto: completion of 30-year-long conquest of Sicily
29 April 1091 – battle of Levounion: Alexios I Komnenos and his Cuman allies defeat an invading force of Pechenegs
June/July 1091 – Norman invasion of Malta by forces of Roger I
1092
October 1092–May 1094 – siege of Valencia by El Cid
19 November 1092 – death of Malik-Shah I after a hunting expedition outside Baghdad:Breakup of Seljuk EmpireNovember 1092–c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire (proclaimed at Ray)
Baghdad
19 November 1092–c. 11 November 1094 – Mahmud I of Great Seljuq
c. 11 November 1094 – death of Mahmud I at Baghdad
1105 – Malik-Shah II is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad
1105–1118 – Muhammad I Tapar is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad (theoretically the head of dynasty)
1118–1131 – Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan of Baghdad)
1131–1134 – Toghrul II
1134–13 September 1152 – Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud
13 September 1152 – death of Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud at Hamadan
1152–1153 – Malik-Shah III
1153–1159 – Muhammad II ibn Mahmud
Ray
November 1092–c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire (proclaimed at Ray)
February 1095 – Barkiyaruq recognised as sultan in Baghdad
Hamadan
January 1159–October 1160 – Suleiman-Shah
1161–1176 – Arslan-Shah
1176–19 March 1194 – Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)
Khorasan
1096 – Ahmad Sanjar given the province of Khorasan by Muhammad I
1097–1118 – Ahmad Sanjar is ruler of Khorasan
1118–8 May 1157 – Ahmad Sanjar is Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire
Seljuq Sultan of Damascus
1078–1092 – Tutush I (Seljuq emir of Damascus)
c. November 1092–26 February 1095 – Tutush I
26 February 1095 – death of Tutush I after defeat by Sultan Barkiyaruq near Ray
Ruler of Damascus
c. February 1095–8 June 1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus
1104–October 1104 – Tutush II
October 1104 – Irtash
Burid Atabeg of Damascus
8 June 1104–12 February 1128 – Toghtekin (founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus)
February 1128–9 June 1132 – Taj al-Muluk Buri
June 1132–1 February 1135 – Shams-ul-Mulk Isma'il
February 1135–23 June 1139 – Shihab ad-Din Mahmud
1139–1140 – Jemal ad-Din Muhammad
1140–April 1154 – Mujir ad-Din Abaq
Ruler of Aleppo
1095–10 December 1113 – Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan (Seljuq ruler of Aleppo)
Seljuq Sultans of Rum
c. November 1092–1107 – Kilij Arslan I
1110–1116 – Malik Shah
19 March 1194 – death of Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)
19 November 1092–c. 11 November 1094 – Mahmud I of Great Seljuq
1093
winter 1093–1094 – Tutush spends winter in Damascus
1094
1094–28 February 1105 – Raymond IV is Count of Toulouse
May 1094 – El Cid completes conquest of Valencia, Spain
May 1094–10 July 1099 – Rodrigo Díal de Vivor (El Cid) is Prince of Valencia
8 October 1094 – St Mark’s Basilica consecrated in Venice
c. 11 November 1094 – death of Mahmud I at Baghdad
1095
January 1095 – Tutush gains recognition as sultan from the Abbāsid caliph; Tutush controls Syria, Anatolia, Iraq, and western Persia
26 February 1095 – battle of Dashlu between Tutush I and Sultan Barkiyaruq near Ray; defeat of Tutush I
c. 26 February 1095 – death of Tutush I near Ray
c. February 1095–8 June 1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus:Ruler of DamascusFebruary 1095 – Barkiyaruq recognised as sultan in Baghdad
c. February 1095–8 June 1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus
1104–October 1104 – Tutush II
October 1104 – Irtash
Burid Atabeg of Damascus
8 June 1104–12 February 1128 – Toghtekin (founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus)
February 1128–9 June 1132 – Taj al-Muluk Buri
June 1132–1 February 1135 – Shams-ul-Mulk Isma'il
February 1135–23 June 1139 – Shihab ad-Din Mahmud
1139–1140 – Jemal ad-Din Muhammad
1140–April 1154 – Mujir ad-Din Abaq
18–28 November 1095 – the Council of Clermont, a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, called by Pope Urban II, held at Clermont, Auvergne, Duchy of Aquitaine
27 November 1095 – Pope Urban’s speech and call for the First Crusade
1096
15 August 1096–15 July 1099 – the First Crusade
April–October 1096 – the People’s Crusade (Peasants’ Crusade, Paupers’ Crusade), led by Peter the Hermit with forces of Walter Sans Avoir; army destroyed by the Seljuk forces of Kilij Arslan at Civetot, northwestern Anatolia
c. August 1096 – four main crusader armies leave Europe
November 1096–April 1097 – armies of Princes gather in Constantinople
1097
21 October 1097–3 June 1098 – siege of Antioch during the First Crusade
1098
1098–1100 – Baldwin I is Count of Edessa
July 1098–3 March 1111 – Bohemond I is Prince of Antioch
1099
7 June–15 July 1099 – siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade
14 July 1099 – night: Crusaders launch a two-pronged assault on the walls of Jerusalem
22 July 1099–18 July 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon is Defender of the Holy Sepulchre:Kings of Jerusalem12 August 1099 – battle of Ascalon after the capture of Jerusalem: a crusader army led by Godfrey of Bouillon defeats a Fatimid army
House of Boulogne (1099–1118)
22 July 1099–18 July 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon is Defender of the Holy Sepulchre
5 December 1100–2 April 1118 – Baldwin I
House of Rethel (1118–1153)
14 April 1118–21 August 1131 – Baldwin II
1131–1153 – Melisende is Queen of Jerusalem
House of Anjou (1153–1205)
August 1131–13 November 1143 – Fulk
25 December 1143–10 February 1163 – Baldwin III
February 1163–11 July 1174 – Amalric
11 July 1174–16 March 1185 – Baldwin IV
16 March 1185–August 1186 – Baldwin V
1186–25 July 1190 – Sibylla is Queen of Jerusalem
August 1186–summer 1190/May 1192 – Guy of Lusignan
summer 1190/1192–5 April 1205 – Isabella I of Jerusalem
1101
May–August 1101 – crusade of 1101
June 1101–28 September 1105 – Simon is Count of Sicily
c. October 1101 – Almoravids begin siege of Valencia
1102
5 May 1102 – Valencia captured by the Almoravids
1105
c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire in in Borujerd
September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily:July 1127 – Roger II inherits all Hauteville family possessions in the Italian peninsula and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after the death of William II of Apulia1111–July 1127 – William II is Duke of Apulia
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily
July 1127 – Roger II inherits all Hauteville family possessions in the Italian peninsula and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after the death of William II of Apulia
1207 – fictional date of early scene of the Doctor Who serial “The Bells of Saint John,” set in Cumbria
Tuesday, May 14, 2019
Chronology of the 11th Century
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