Chronology of the 11th Century

April 962 – Alp-Tegin (with his guard of Turkic slave-soldiers and group of Iranian ghazis) defeats a Samanid army at Balkh

September 963 – death of Alp-Tegin as Samanid governor of Ghazna:

Samanid Governor of Ghazna / Emir of Ghazna
September 963–November 966 – Abu Ishaq Ibrahim of Ghazna
12 November 966–975 – Bilgetegin
974/975–20 April 977 – Böritigin of Ghazni
20 April 977–5 August 997 – Abu Mansur Sabuktigin
5 August 997–998 – Ismail of Ghazni
998–30 April 1030 – Mahmud of Ghazni

18 March 978–1013 – Æthelred the Unready is king of England (first reign)

986–1014 – Sweyn I Forkbeard is king of Denmark

990–992 – Hasan (or Harun) b. Sulayman (a Karakhanid ruler) attackes the Samanids and captures Isfijab, Ferghana, Ilaq, Samarkand, and the Samanid capital Bukhara, but these are retaken late

997 – Kara-Khanid conquest of Tashkent

998
March 998–30 April 1030 – Mahmud of Ghazni is Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire:

Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire (977–1186)
Ghaznavids were Persianised Turks
May 1030–August 1030 – Muhammad of Ghazni (first reign)
August 1030–c. 23 December 1040 – Mas'ud I
21 December 1040–April 1041 – Muhammad of Ghazni (second reign)
28 April 1041–winter 1050 – Mawdud of Ghazni

999
February–October 999 – 'Abd al-Malik II is the last Samanid ruler

23 October 999 – Kara-Khanid conquest of Bukhara and Transoxiana; Kara-Khanid divide Samanid realm with Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud

1000
25 December 1000–15 August 1038 – Saint Stephen I is king of Hungary:

House of Árpád (c. 895–14 January 1301)
15 August 1038–September 1041 – Peter the Venetian
September 1046–December 1060 – Andrew I the White
6 December 1060–11 September 1063 – Béla I the Champion
September 1063–14 March 1074 – Solomon
14 March 1074–25 April 1077 – Géza I Magnus
25 April 1077–29 July 1095 – Saint Ladislaus I
1095–3 February 1116 – Coloman the Learned

25 December 1013–3 February 1014 – Sweyn Forkbeard is king of England:

18 March 978–1013 – Æthelred the Unready is king of England (first reign)
986–1014 – Sweyn I Forkbeard is king of Denmark
3 February 1014–23 April 1016 – Æthelred the Unready (second reign)

18 October 1016–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is king of England:

1018–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is King of Denmark
1028–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is King of Norway

18 October 1016–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great is king of England:

House of Wessex
3 February 1014–23 April 1016 – Æthelred the Unready (second reign)
23 April 1016–30 November 1016 – Edmund Ironside

House of Denmark
18 October 1016–12 November 1035 – Cnut the Great
c. 18 October 1016–30 November 1016 – Edmund Ironside is king in Wessex
30 November 1016 – death of Edmund Ironside
12 November 1035–17 March 1040 – Harold Harefoot
17 March 1040–8 June 1042 – Harthacnut

House of Wessex
8 June 1042–5 January 1066 – Edward the Confessor

House of Godwin
6 January 1066–14 October 1066 – Harold Godwinson

c. 18 October 1016–30 November 1016 – Edmund Ironside is king in Wessex

30 November 1016 – death of Edmund Ironside

1020–June 1045 – Rainulf Drengot (Ranulf) is first Norman count of Aversa:

1045 – Asclettin Drengot
1045–1046 – Rodulf Cappello
1045–1048 – Rainulf II Trincanocte
1048–1049 – Herman
1049–1078 – Richard I
Count of Aversa and Prince of Capua
1058 – Richard I conquers the Principality of Capua and becomes prince of Capua
1078–1091 – Jordan I
1090/1091–1105/1106 – Richard II
1106–1120 – Robert I
1120 – Richard III
June 1120–19 December 1127 – Jordan II
1127–1156 – Robert II

15 December 1025–11 November 1028 – Constantine VIII is Byzantine Emperor

14 April 1028–5 October 1056 – Henry III is King of Germany (King of the Romans):

4 June 1039–5 October 1056 – Henry III is King of Italy
4 June 1039–5 October 1056 – Henry III is King of Burgundy
25 December 1046–5 October 1056 – Henry III is Holy Roman Emperor

1030
1030–17 January 1040 – Mas'ud I is Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire

1032–21 March 1076 – Robert I the Old is Duke of Burgundy:

1004 – Burgundy annexed by the king
House of Capet (1004–1032)
House of Burgundy (1032–1361)
1032–21 March 1076 – Robert I the Old
21 March 1076–1079 – Hugh I
1079–23 March 1103 – Odo I Borel the Red
23 March 1103–1143 – Hugh II

April 1033/1034–21 April 1109 – life of Anselm of Canterbury, the Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian, and archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109

1035
1035–25 October 1047 – Magnus the Good (Magnus Olafsson) is king of Norway

3 July 1035–9 September 1087 – William the Conqueror is Duke of Normandy

1037
1037–4 September 1063 – Tughril is Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire

1040
23 May 1040 – battle of Dandanaqan between Tughril (and his brother Chaghri Beg) of the Seljuqs and Mas'ud of Ghaznavid Empire; the Seljuq victory ends Ghaznavid domination in the Khorasan

September 1042–1046 – William I of Hauteville is elected count by the Normans

1046–25 September 1066 – Harald Sigurdsson (Hardrada) is king of Norway

1046–10 August 1051 – Drogo of Hauteville is Count of Apulia and Calabria

August 1051–August 1057 – Humphrey of Hauteville is Count of Apulia and Calabria

18 June 1053 – battle of Civitate between the Normans led by Humphrey of Hauteville (Count of Apulia) and a Swabian-Italian-Lombard army (organised by Pope Leo IX) led by Gerard (Duke of Lorraine) and Rudolf (Prince of Benevento); the Norman victory led to the capture of Leo IX, and his imprisonment in Benevento

November 1053–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is King of Germany:

November 1053–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is King of Germany
5 October 1056–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is King of Italy and Burgundy
5 October 1056–31 December 1105 – Henry IV is Holy Roman Emperor

5 June 1057–22 November 1059 – Isaac I Komnenos Byzantine emperor

August 1057–23 August 1059 – Robert Guiscard is Count of Apulia and Calabria:

23 August 1059–17 July 1085 – Robert Guiscard is duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily

23 August 1059 – Pope Nicholas II invests Robert Guiscard as duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily

24 November 1059–22 May 1067 – Constantine X Doukas is Byzantine emperor:

Macedonian Dynasty (867–1056)
10 January 976–15 December 1025 – Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer
15 December 1025–15 November 1028 – Constantine VIII the Purple-born
15 November 1028–June 1050 – Zoe the Purple-born
15 November 1028–11 April 1034 – Romanos III Argyros
11 April 1034–10 December 1041 – Michael IV the Paphlagonian
10 December 1041–20 April 1042 – Michael V the Caulker
19 April 1042–after 31 August 1056 – Theodora the Purple-born
11 June 1042–7/8/11 January 1055 – Constantine IX Monomachos

September 1056–31 August 1057 – Michael VI Bringas Stratiotikos (the Old)

Komnenid Dynasty (1057–1059)
5 June 1057–22 November 1059 – Isaac I Komnenos

Doukid Dynasty (1059–1081)
24 November 1059–22 May 1067 – Constantine X Doukas
22 May 1067–24 March 1078 – Michael VII Doukas
1 January 1068–24 October 1071 – Romanos IV Diogenes
31 March 1078–4 April 1081 – Nikephoros III Botaneiates

Komnenid Dynasty (1081–1185)
4 April 1081–15 August 1118 – Alexios I Komnenos
15 August 1118–8 April 1143 – John II Komnenos
8 April 1143–24 September 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos the Great
24 September 1180–October 1183 – Alexios II Komnenos
1183–11 September 1185 – Andronikos I Komnenos

4 August 1060–29 July 1108 – Philip I the Amorous is king of France:

House of Capet
3 July 987–24 October 996 – Hugh Capet
24 October 996–20 July 1031 – Robert II the Pious (the Wise)
20 July 1031–4 August 1060 – Henry I
4 August 1060–29 July 1108 – Philip I the Amorous
29 July 1108–1 August 1137 – Louis VI the Fat
1 August 1137–18 September 1180 – Louis VII the Young
18 September 1180–14 July 1223 – Philip II Augustus

1061
May 1061 – Robert Guiscard and Roger I cross from Reggio and capture Messina in Sicily

May 1061–1091 – Norman conquest of Sicily:

June 1063 – battle of Cerami between the Normans under the command of Roger de Hauteville and a Muslim alliance of Sicilian and Zirid troops
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily, with the agreement of Pope Innocent II

1063
June 1063 – battle of Cerami between the Normans under the command of Roger de Hauteville and a Muslim alliance of Sicilian and Zirid troops

4 September 1063–15 December 1072 – Alp Arslan (Heroic Lion; Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri) is Sultan of the Seljuk Empire:

1037–4 September 1063 – Tughril Beg
4 September 1063–15 December 1072 – Alp Arslan
15 December 1072–19 November 1092 – Malik-Shah I
19 November 1092–1094 – Mahmud I
1092–1105 – Barkiyaruq
1105 – Malik-Shah II
1105–1118 – Muhammad I Tapar
1118–1131 – Mahmud II is Seljuq sultan of Baghdad

c. December 1063 – battle of Damghan between Qutalmısh and Alp Arslan

1066
5 January 1066 – Edward the Confessor dies at London

5 January–14 October 1066 – Harold Godwinson is king of England

20 March 1066 – Halley’s Comet reaches perihelion

April 1066 – Halley’s Comet appears over France and Britain

April–May 1066 – the fleet of Tostig raids Sandwich and the old kingdom of Lindsay (northern Lincolnshire)

August/September 1066 – fictional date of the Doctor Who serial “The Time Meddler,” set in Northumbria, north of the Humber river

c. 1–7 September 1066 – Hardrada raids Scarborough and slaughters inhabitants

18 September 1066 – Harald Hardrada of Norway sails his fleet up the Humber Estuary

20 September 1066 – forces of Hardrada and Tostig defeat the English earls Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria at the Battle of Fulford near York

25 September 1066 – battle of Stamford Bridge: Harold Godwinson defeats Hardrada and Tostig, who were both killed

1066–28 April 1069 – Magnus II is King of Norway

14 October 1066 – battle of Hastings between the Norman-French army of William (Duke of Normandy) and an English army under King Harold Godwinson, 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, East Sussex

25 December 1066–9 September 1087 – William the Conqueror is king of England

30 December 1066 – 1066 Granada massacre: a Muslim mob storms the royal palace in Granada, in the Taifa of Granada and crucifies the vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela

1067
1067–22 September 1093 – Olaf III is co-king of Norway

1070s
1070s – the Bayeux Tapestry (commissioned by Bishop Odo) made in England

26 August 1071 – battle of Manzikert between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire near Manzikert; decisive defeat of the Byzantine army and the capture of the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes

1072
January 1072 – Robert Guiscard invests Roger I as Count of Sicily

January 1072–22 June 1101 – Roger I is the first Norman Count of Sicily:

House of Hauteville 1130–1198
June 1101–28 September 1105 – Simon
September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily
July 1127 – Roger II inherits Hauteville possessions and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after death of William II of Apulia
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily
26 February 1154–7 May 1166 – William I the Bad

House of Hohenstaufen 1194–1266
November 1198–13 December 1250 – Frederick II
22 November 1220–17 July 1245 – Frederick II is Holy Roman Emperor

1085
c. 17 July 1085–22 February 1111 – Roger Borsa is Duke of Apulia and Calabria:

Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily
23 August 1059–17 July 1085 – Robert Guiscard
c. 17 July 1085–22 February 1111 – Roger Borsa
February 1111–July 1127 – William II is Duke of Apulia
September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily

1087
9 September 1087 – King William I (the Conqueror) dies in Rouen after a fall from his horse

26 September 1087–2 August 1100 – William II is king of England

1088
spring 1088 – rebellion of Odo of Bayeux and Robert (2nd Earl of Cornwall), half-brothers of William the Conqueror, against King William II

1089
1089–3 March 1111 – Bohemond I is Prince of Taranto

1089 – the Seljuks capture Samarkand and conquer the Western Kara-Khanid Khanate

1091
February 1091 – Normans take Noto: completion of 30-year-long conquest of Sicily

29 April 1091 – battle of Levounion: Alexios I Komnenos and his Cuman allies defeat an invading force of Pechenegs

June/July 1091 – Norman invasion of Malta by forces of Roger I

1092
October 1092–May 1094 – siege of Valencia by El Cid

19 November 1092 – death of Malik-Shah I after a hunting expedition outside Baghdad:

Breakup of Seljuk Empire
Baghdad
19 November 1092–c. 11 November 1094 – Mahmud I of Great Seljuq
c. 11 November 1094 – death of Mahmud I at Baghdad
1105 – Malik-Shah II is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad
1105–1118 – Muhammad I Tapar is Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad (theoretically the head of dynasty)
1118–1131 – Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan of Baghdad)
1131–1134 – Toghrul II
1134–13 September 1152 – Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud
13 September 1152 – death of Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud at Hamadan
1152–1153 – Malik-Shah III
1153–1159 – Muhammad II ibn Mahmud

Ray
November 1092–c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire (proclaimed at Ray)
February 1095 – Barkiyaruq recognised as sultan in Baghdad

Hamadan
January 1159–October 1160 – Suleiman-Shah
1161–1176 – Arslan-Shah
1176–19 March 1194 – Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)

Khorasan
1096 – Ahmad Sanjar given the province of Khorasan by Muhammad I
1097–1118 – Ahmad Sanjar is ruler of Khorasan
1118–8 May 1157 – Ahmad Sanjar is Sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire

Seljuq Sultan of Damascus
1078–1092 – Tutush I (Seljuq emir of Damascus)
c. November 1092–26 February 1095 – Tutush I
26 February 1095 – death of Tutush I after defeat by Sultan Barkiyaruq near Ray

Ruler of Damascus
c. February 1095–8 June 1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus
1104–October 1104 – Tutush II
October 1104 – Irtash
Burid Atabeg of Damascus
8 June 1104–12 February 1128 – Toghtekin (founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus)
February 1128–9 June 1132 – Taj al-Muluk Buri
June 1132–1 February 1135 – Shams-ul-Mulk Isma'il
February 1135–23 June 1139 – Shihab ad-Din Mahmud
1139–1140 – Jemal ad-Din Muhammad
1140–April 1154 – Mujir ad-Din Abaq

Ruler of Aleppo
1095–10 December 1113 – Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan (Seljuq ruler of Aleppo)

Seljuq Sultans of Rum
c. November 1092–1107 – Kilij Arslan I
1110–1116 – Malik Shah

19 March 1194 – death of Toghrul III (last sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire)

November 1092–c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire (proclaimed at Ray)

19 November 1092–c. 11 November 1094 – Mahmud I of Great Seljuq

1093
winter 1093–1094 – Tutush spends winter in Damascus

1094
1094–28 February 1105 – Raymond IV is Count of Toulouse

May 1094 – El Cid completes conquest of Valencia, Spain

May 1094–10 July 1099 – Rodrigo Díal de Vivor (El Cid) is Prince of Valencia

8 October 1094 – St Mark’s Basilica consecrated in Venice

c. 11 November 1094 – death of Mahmud I at Baghdad

1095
January 1095 – Tutush gains recognition as sultan from the Abbāsid caliph; Tutush controls Syria, Anatolia, Iraq, and western Persia

26 February 1095 – battle of Dashlu between Tutush I and Sultan Barkiyaruq near Ray; defeat of Tutush I

c. 26 February 1095 – death of Tutush I near Ray

c. February 1095–8 June 1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus:

Ruler of Damascus
c. February 1095–8 June 1104 – Duqaq is Emir of Damascus
1104–October 1104 – Tutush II
October 1104 – Irtash

Burid Atabeg of Damascus
8 June 1104–12 February 1128 – Toghtekin (founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus)
February 1128–9 June 1132 – Taj al-Muluk Buri
June 1132–1 February 1135 – Shams-ul-Mulk Isma'il
February 1135–23 June 1139 – Shihab ad-Din Mahmud
1139–1140 – Jemal ad-Din Muhammad
1140–April 1154 – Mujir ad-Din Abaq

February 1095 – Barkiyaruq recognised as sultan in Baghdad

18–28 November 1095 – the Council of Clermont, a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, called by Pope Urban II, held at Clermont, Auvergne, Duchy of Aquitaine

27 November 1095 – Pope Urban’s speech and call for the First Crusade

1096
15 August 1096–15 July 1099 – the First Crusade

April–October 1096 – the People’s Crusade (Peasants’ Crusade, Paupers’ Crusade), led by Peter the Hermit with forces of Walter Sans Avoir; army destroyed by the Seljuk forces of Kilij Arslan at Civetot, northwestern Anatolia

c. August 1096 – four main crusader armies leave Europe

November 1096–April 1097 – armies of Princes gather in Constantinople

1097
21 October 1097–3 June 1098 – siege of Antioch during the First Crusade

1098
1098–1100 – Baldwin I is Count of Edessa

July 1098–3 March 1111 – Bohemond I is Prince of Antioch

1099
7 June–15 July 1099 – siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade

14 July 1099 – night: Crusaders launch a two-pronged assault on the walls of Jerusalem

22 July 1099–18 July 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon is Defender of the Holy Sepulchre:

Kings of Jerusalem
House of Boulogne (1099–1118)
22 July 1099–18 July 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon is Defender of the Holy Sepulchre
5 December 1100–2 April 1118 – Baldwin I

House of Rethel (1118–1153)
14 April 1118–21 August 1131 – Baldwin II
1131–1153 – Melisende is Queen of Jerusalem

House of Anjou (1153–1205)
August 1131–13 November 1143 – Fulk
25 December 1143–10 February 1163 – Baldwin III
February 1163–11 July 1174 – Amalric
11 July 1174–16 March 1185 – Baldwin IV
16 March 1185–August 1186 – Baldwin V
1186–25 July 1190 – Sibylla is Queen of Jerusalem
August 1186–summer 1190/May 1192 – Guy of Lusignan
summer 1190/1192–5 April 1205 – Isabella I of Jerusalem

12 August 1099 – battle of Ascalon after the capture of Jerusalem: a crusader army led by Godfrey of Bouillon defeats a Fatimid army

1101
May–August 1101 – crusade of 1101

June 1101–28 September 1105 – Simon is Count of Sicily

c. October 1101 – Almoravids begin siege of Valencia

1102
5 May 1102 – Valencia captured by the Almoravids

1105
c. 1 January 1105 – Barkiyaruq Sultan of the Seljuk Empire in in Borujerd

September 1105–26 February 1154 – Roger II is Count of Sicily:

July 1127 – Roger II inherits all Hauteville family possessions in the Italian peninsula and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after the death of William II of Apulia
25 December 1130 – the Kingdom of Sicily created by Roger II of Sicily

1111–July 1127 – William II is Duke of Apulia

July 1127 – Roger II inherits all Hauteville family possessions in the Italian peninsula and overlordship of the Principality of Capua after the death of William II of Apulia

1207 – fictional date of early scene of the Doctor Who serial “The Bells of Saint John,” set in Cumbria

Chronology of the 14th Century

1295 – Marco Polo returns to Venice during the war with Republic of Genoa

26 March 1296–1 May 1328 – First War of Scottish Independence

May–11 September 1297 – Scottish uprising led by William Wallace

11 September 1297 – battle of Stirling Bridge: Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeat the English forces of John de Warenne (6th Earl of Surrey) and Hugh de Cressingham near Stirling, on the River Forth

November 1297 – William Wallace leads a large-scale raid into northern England, through Northumberland and Cumberland

27 July 1298–1 May 1308 – Albert I is King of the Romans

summer 1299–May 1300 – Mongol invasion of Syria and Palestine under Ghazan:

December 23/24 1299 – defeat of the Mamluks in the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar (3rd Battle of Homs)
c. 30 December 1299–6 January 1300 – capture of Damascus
February 1300 – retreat of Ghazan from Palestine

August 1299 – Marco Polo released from captivity and returns home to Venice

13 May 1301–16 July 1342 – Charles I is King of Hungary and Croatia (Capetian House of Anjou)

5 August 1305 – John de Menteith (a Scottish knight loyal to Edward) turns over William Wallace to English soldiers at Robroyston near Glasgow

23 August 1305 – execution of William Wallace at the Elms at Smithfield, London

1307–1323 – Bernard Gui is Inquisitor of Toulouse against the Albigenses at the behest of Pope Clement V and Pope John XXII:

26 August 1323–20 July 1324 – Bernardo Guido is Bishop of Diocese of Tui-Vigo
1324–30 December 1331 – Bernard Gui is bishop of Lodeve

1308–1330 – Frederick I the Fair is Duke of Austria and Styria:

House of Habsburg
1278–1282 – Rudolf I
1282–1308 – Albert I
1282–1283 – Rudolf II the Debonair
1298–1307 – Rudolf III the Good
1308–1330 – Frederick I the Fair

8 July 1307–20 January 1327 – Edward II (Edward of Caernarfon) is king of England:

House of Anjou
3 September 1189–6 April 1199 – Richard I (Richard the Lionheart)
27 May 1199–19 October 1216 – John (John Lackland)
House of Plantagenet
28 October 1216–16 November 1272 – Henry III (Henry of Winchester)
20 November 1272–7 July 1307 – Edward I Longshanks
8 July 1307–20 January 1327 – Edward II
25 January 1327–21 June 1377 – Edward III
22 June 1377–29 September 1399 – Richard II
House of Lancaster
30 September 1399–20 March 1413 – Henry IV

c. 1310–1351/1352 – Basarab I is first voivode ruler of Wallachia

29 June 1312–24 August 1313 – Henry VII is Holy Roman Emperor (House of Luxembourg)

October 1314–11 October 1347 – Louis IV, the Bavarian is Holy Roman Emperor (House of Wittelsbach)

1316-1 December 1335 –

8–9 January 1324 – death of Marco Polo in Venice

1324–30 December 1331 – Bernard Gui is bishop of Lodeve

November–December 1327 – fictional date of Umberto Eco’s novel The Name of the Rose (Il nome della rosa) set in a northern Italian monastery inspired by Sacra di San Michele (Saint Michael’s Abbey), Susa Valley, Piedmont

1328–15 June 1341 – Andronikos III Palaiologos is Byzantine emperor:

Palaiologos Emperors
15 August 1261–11 December 1282 – Michael VIII Palaiologos
11 December 1282–24 May 1328 – Andronikos II Palaiologos
1328–15 June 1341 – Andronikos III Palaiologos
15 June 1341–12 August 1376 – John V Palaiologos
1 July 1379–14 April 1390 – John V Palaiologos

1330
13 January 1330–16 August 1358 – Albert II is Duke of Austria and Styria:

1295–1335 – Henry VI (Gorizia-Tyrol) is Duke of Carinthia
12 December 1298 – Albert II born at Habsburg Castle in Swabia
1313–1317 – Albert II is Bishop of Passau
13 January 1330–16 August 1358 – Albert II is Duke of Austria and Styria
2 April 1335–16 August 1358 – Albert II is Duke of Carinthia

25 September 1379 – Treaty of Neuberg between Albert III and his brother Leopold III: division of the Habsburg hereditary lands into Albertinian and Leopoldian line

Inner Austria: Styria, Carinthia and Carniola
7 July 1379–9 July 1386 – Leopold III
July 1386–15 July 1406 – William
July 1406–10 June 1424 – Ernest the Iron
10 June 1424–19 August 1493 – Frederick III (Holy Roman Emperor from 19 March 1452)
10 June 1424–2 December 1463 – Albert VI (brother of Emperor Frederick III)
1436 – Frederick III makes a pilgrimage to the Holy Land
2 February 1440 – prince-electors convened at Frankfurt and elected Frederick III King of the Romans

Archduchy of Austria: Lower Austria and most of Upper Austria
Albertinian Line
25 September 1379–29 August 1395 – Albert III is Duke of Austria
29 August 1395–14 September 1404 – Albert IV is Duke of Austria
14 September 1404–27 October 1439 – Albert V the Magnanimous
22 February 1440 – birth of Ladislaus the Posthumous (son of Albert V)
1440–23 November 1457 – Ladislaus the Posthumous

Further Austria/Anterior Austria: Swabian duchy of south-western Germany, Alsace region west of the Rhine, Vorarlberg
1406–24 June 1439 – Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets
24 June 1439–16 March 1490 – Sigismund, Archduke of Austria (renounced rule in 1490)
1439–1446 – Frederick III is regent for Sigismund
16 March 1490–12 January 1519 – Maximilian I (Holy Roman Emperor) succeeds Sigismund in all territories

Austria Proper
1440–23 November 1457 – Ladislaus the Posthumous
23 November 1457–19 August 1493 – Frederick III (Holy Roman Emperor) is ruler of Lower Austria
23 November 1457–2 December 1463 – Albert VI is Archduke of Austria
2 December 1463 – death of Albert VI, Archduke of Austria
2 December 1463–19 August 1493 – Frederick III (Holy Roman Emperor) is sole ruler of Austrian lands
29 January–1 June 1485 – the siege of Vienna during the Austrian–Hungarian War between Frederick III and Matthias Corvinus
1 June 1485 – the fall of Vienna to Matthias Corvinus
June 1485–1490 – Vienna is the capital of the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus
6 April 1490 – death of Matthias Corvinus in Vienna

1331
30 December 1331 – death of Bernard Gui at the castle of Lauroux, Hérault department, south France

1333
April 1333–5 November 1370 – Casimir III the Great (30 April 1310–5 November 1370) is King of Poland

December 1335 – disintegration of the Ilkhanate after the death of Abu Sa’id Bahadur Khan

December 1335–1336 – Arpa Ke’un is Ilkhan during the disintegration of the Mongol state in Persia

12 April 1336–1337 – Musa Khan is Ilkhan after being installed by the governor of Baghdad, ’Ali Padsah

September 1343 – the crisis of Tana: a Venetian noble kills a Tatar merchant, followed by pillaging and massacre of Italians in Tana

1344
February 1344 – first siege of Feodosia (Caffa) by the Mongols

1345
by 1345–1358 – Amir Qazaghan is effective ruler of the western part of the Chagatai Khanate

summer 1345 – second siege of Feodosia (Caffa) by the Mongols

1346
11 July 1346–29 November 1378 – Charles IV is Holy Roman Emperor (House of Luxembourg)

1245/1250–29 June 1312 – Great Interregnum with no formal emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
House of Luxembourg
29 June 1312–24 August 1313 – Henry VII is Holy Roman Emperor
House of Wittelsbach
October 1314–11 October 1347 – Louis IV, the Bavarian is Holy Roman Emperor
House of Luxembourg
11 July 1346–29 November 1378 – Charles IV
1411–1437 – Sigismund is King of Germany
31 May 1433–9 December 1437 – Sigismund

winter 1346–1347 – third siege of Feodosia (Caffa) by the Mongols under the command of Janibeg

1347
c. 1347 – Chagatai Khanate splits into the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

c. 1347–1363 – Tughlugh Timur is Khan of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan), raised up by the Dughlat amir Bulaji

spring 1347 – plague strikes Caffa

July 1347–1353 – the Black Death (Great Plague or the Black Plague) kills an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis; it peaks in Europe from 1347 to 1351

October 1347 – the Black Death reaches Sicily

1348
1348–1358 – Bayan Qulï is Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate

June 1348 – the Black Death reaches France, Spain, Portugal and England

c. 1352–November 1364 – Nicholas Alexander is Voivode of Wallachia

1354–1380 – Manuel Kantakouzenos (restored) is Despot of the Morea:

Despots of the Morea
1354–1380 – Manuel Kantakouzenos (restored)
1380–1383 – Matthew Kantakouzenos
1383 – Demetrios I Kantakouzenos
1383–1407 – Theodore I Palaiologos
1407–1443 – Theodore II Palaiologos
1428–1449 – Constantine Palaiologos (from 1449 emperor)
1428–1460 – Thomas Palaiologos
1449–1460 – Demetrios II Palaiologos

1358
1358 – assassination of Amir Qazaghan (effective ruler of the western part of the Chagatai Khanate):

Amir and Ruler of the Qara’unas of the Western Chagatai Khanate
by 1345–1358 – Amir Qazaghan
1358–1359 – amir Abdullah
1359 – Buyan Suldus is appointed as emir of the Ulus
c. 1359–1369/1370 – amir Husayn
c. March 1360 – Tughlugh Timur invades the Western Chagatai Khanate

27 June 1358 – Treaty of Zadar forces Venice to yield all claims to Dalmatia, and Dubrovnik accepts hegemony of King Louis I of Hungary:

1399 – Dubrovnik acquires the area between Ragusa and Pelješac (Primorje / Dubrovačko primorje) with Slano
1403–1404 – Bosnian–Ragusan War
1419–1426 – Dubrovnik acquires Konavle region, south of Astarea (Župa dubrovačka)
1458 – Republic of Ragusa signs treaty with the Ottoman Empire to be a tributary of the sultan
1481 – Dubrovnik accepts Ottoman protection

1360
1360–1393 – Bagrat V is king of Georgia

c. March 1360 – Tughlugh Timur invades the Western Chagatai Khanate

c. spring/summer 1360 – Tughlugh Timur appoints Timur (Tamerlane) as ruler of Hajji Beg’s former territories (Transoxania) around Kesh

c. 1360/1361 – Hajji Beg ousts Timur (Tamerlane)

1361
March/April 1361 – Tughlugh Timur invades the Western Chagatai Khanate and executes Amir Bayazid and Buyan Suldus

spring 1361? – Hajji Beg Barlas (leader of the Barlas tribe) is killed in Khurasan

spring 1361? – Timur (Tamerlane) given the area of Kesh (as chief of the Berlas) and commander of a tumen

spring/summer 1361 – amir Husayn is defeated by Tughlugh Timur

spring/summer 1361 – Tughlugh Timur appoints his son Ilyas Khoja as viceroy of Transoxiana:

1361–1363 – Ilyas Khoja is viceroy of Transoxiana
spring 1361 – Hajji Beg Barlas (leader of the Barlas tribe) is killed in Khurasan
1363 – death of Tughlugh Timur
1365 – Ilyas Khoja invades Transoxiana
May 1365 – Ilyas Khoja defeats Amir Husayn and Timur
summer 1365 – Ilyas Khoja besieges Samarkand

summer 1361? – Timur (Tamerlane) flees to Amir Husayn near Khiva in Khorasan

summer 1361–1364 – Timur in exile

1363
1363 – Adil-Sultan is puppet Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate under the Tribal Confederation of Amir Husayn and Amir Timur

1364
1364? – Timur (Tamerlane) is wounded in a campaign in Sistan

12 May 1364 – issue of royal charter of foundation for Jagiellonian University (University of Kraków) in Kraków, Poland

1364? – Amir Husayn and Amir Timur invade Balkh

1364–1370 – Khabul Shah is Khan of Western Chagatai Khanate (controlled by amir Husayn)

November 1364–1377 – Vladislav I is Voivode of Wallachia

winter 1364–1365 – Timur (Tamerlane) winters in Kesh

1365
spring 1365 – Ilyas Khoja invades Transoxiana

May 1365 – Ilyas Khoja defeats Amir Husayn and Timur at the battle of the Mire near Tashkent; Timer flees across the Amu-Darya to Balkh

summer 1365 – Ilyas Khoja besieges Samarkand

1366
spring 1366 - Timur and Husayn defeat the Sarbadar ruler of Samarkand; they take Samarkand

1366-1368 - Timur in exile; he invades the Ulus Chaghatay periodically against Amir Husayn

1367
winter 1367 - Timur in Qarshi near Kesh; he sends Hajji Mahmudshah Yasa'uri to govern Bukhara and collect its taxes

summer 1367 - Timur returns to Transoxiana and takes Qarshi

1367 - Timur retreats north to Tashkent

1368
1368-1392 - Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat is Khan of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

1368 - Timur and Amir Husayn make peace; Timur returns to Kish

summer 1368 - Amir Husayn and Amir Timur campaign on the southern edge of the Ulus

late 1368 - Amir Husayn and Amir Timur went together to Balkh, and begin to build fortifications

1369
spring 1369? – Timur attacks Husayn, amir at Balkh

April 1369? – Timur becomes amir of Transoxania

1370
spring 1370? – Timur attacks Husayn, amir at Balkh

9 April 1370 – Timur officially becomes amir of Transoxania in a meeting of members of the Ulus Chagatai

9 April 1370–1384 – Suurgatmish is puppet Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate

1372
1372/1373 – Timur attacks the Sufi dynasty of Khorezm

1380
1380 – Timur invades Khorasan

16 September 1380–21 October 1422 – Charles VI the Beloved is King of France:

House of Valois (1328–1589)
16 September 1380–21 October 1422 – Charles VI the Beloved
21 October 1422–22 July 1461 – Charles VII
22 July 1461–30 August 1483 – Louis XI

1382
1382–1410 – Ahmad Jalayir is Jalayirid (Mongol dynasty) is ruler of Iraq

1383
c. 1383–1386 – Dan I (Dănești) is Voivode of Wallachia

1383 – Timur conquers Herat

1384
1384–26 October 1403/1404 – Francesco II Gattilusio is Lord of Lesbos:

Lord of Lesbos
1384–26 October 1403/1404 – Francesco II Gattilusio
26 October 1404–1428 – Jacopo Gattilusio
1428–30 June 1455 – Dorino Gattilusio

1384

1385

1386
24 February 1386–6 August 1414 – Ladislaus the Magnanimous is king of Naples is King of Naples:

Kings of Naples
Anjou
24 February 1386–6 August 1414 – Ladislaus the Magnanimous is king of Naples
6 August 1414–2 February 1435 – Joanna II is queen of Naples
Bourbon
c. 1416 – James II (Count of La Marche)
Valois-Anjou
2 February 1435–2 June 1442 – René of Anjou is king of Naples

23 September 1386–1418 – the two reigns of Mircea I the Old as Voivode of Wallachia

23 September 1386–1395 – Mircea I the Old (first reign; Basarab) is Voivode of Wallachia

21 November 1386 – Timur captures Tbilisi (Georgia)

1387
1387–1437 – Sigismund is King of Hungary (House of Luxembourg)

spring 1387 – Timur invades Georgia

1388
1388–1394 – Nerio I Acciaioli is Duke of Athens:

Duchy of Athens
Florentine Acciaioli
1394–1395 – Antonio I Acciaioli
1395–1402 – Venetian control

1390
1390–1391 – John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus is Byzantine Emperor:

Byzantine Emperors
1391–1425 – Manuel II Palaiologos
1425–1448 – John VIII Palaiologos
1449–29 May 1453 – reign of Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos / Palaeologus (son of Manuel II)

February 1390–June 1399 – Barquq is Sultan of Egypt and Syria:

Sultan of Egypt and Syria
July 1399–1405 – An-Nasir Faraj (first reign)
1405–c. May 1412 – An-Nasir Faraj (second reign)
7 May 1412–6 November 1412 – Al-Musta'in (Abbasid caliph) is Sultan of Egypt
6 November 1412–1421 – Shaykh al-Muayyad

1393
29 August 1393 – Timur arrives at Baghdad after an 8 day march from Fars; Ahmad Jalayir (Jalayirid ruler) flees to Syria

1394
1394–1397 – Vlad I the Usurper (Dănești) is Voivode of Wallachia

1394 – Sultan Ahmad (Jalayirid ruler) retakes Baghdad

1395
5 September 1395–3 September 1402 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti is Duke of Milan:

Dukes of Milan
House of Visconti
3 September 1402–16 May 1412 – Giovanni Maria Visconti
16 May 1412–13 August 1447 – Filippo Maria Visconti

1397
1397 – Shah Rukh appointed as governor of Khorasan with capital at Herat

1397–31 January 1418 – Mircea I the Old (second reign; Basarab) is Voivode of Wallachia

1398
September 1398–March 1399 – Timur's invasion of India:

30 September 1398 – Timur crosses the Indus River
October 1398 – Timur advances and captures Multan
11 December 1398 Timur reaches Delhi
12 December 1398 – first battle of Delhi
18 December 1398 – second battle of Delhi
20 December 1398 – Delhi surrendered to Timur
31 December 1398 – Timur leaves Delhi
1 January 1399 – Timur leaves Delhi and goes through Firuzabad
9 January 1399 – Timur storms Meerut
16 January 1399 – Timur captures Kangra
26 January–24 February 1399 – Timur ravages territory between Haridwar and Jamuna
3 March 1399 – Timur crosses the river Chenab
1 May 1399 – Timur reaches the Oxus

1399
1399–1408 – Shams-i-Jahan is Khan of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

1400
1 January 1399 – Timur leaves Delhi and goes through Firuzabad

9 January 1399 – Timur storms Meerut

16 January 1399 – Timur captures Kangra

26 January–24 February 1399 – Timur ravages territory between Haridwar and Jamuna

3 March 1399 – Timur crosses the river Chenab

1 May 1399 – Timur reaches the Oxus

September 1399 – Timur leaves Samarqand for his Seven Year Campaign in the West

winter 1399–1400 – Timur in Qarabagh

1400
spring–summer 1400 – Timur invades and devastates Georgia

August 1400 – Timur sacks Sivas

autmun 1400–spring 1401 – Timur's attack on Mamluk Syria

7 October 1400 – Timur captures the Syrian castle at Behesna

11 November 1400 – Timur sacks Aleppo

20 December 1400 – Timur leaves Baalbek

1401
19 January 1401 – Mamluk army routed by Timur near Damascus

23 January 1401 – Damascus submits to Timur

January–February 1401 – siege of the citadel of Damascus by Timur

May–9 July 1401 – siege of Baghdad by Timur

1402
20 July 1402 – Battle of Ankara: Bayezid captured by Timur and the Ottoman army was defeated

1403
8 March 1403 – death of Bayezid I in captivity at the court of Timur

August 1403 – Timur captures the fortress of Birtvisi in Georgia

autumn 1403 – Qara Yusuf driven out of Baghdad by Aba Bakr (grandson of Tlmur)

1404
1404–1420 – Dobruja controlled by Wallachia

1405
18 February 1405 – death of Timur on the farther side of the Syr Darya at Farab

18 February 1405–c. 13 May 1409 – Khalil Sultan is ruler of the Timurid Empire:

Rulers of the Timurid Empire (1370–1512)
18 February 1405–c. 13 May 1409 – Khalil Sultan (Transoxiana)
13 May 1409 – Shah Rukh captures Samarkand
c. May 1409–1411 – Khalil Sultan is govenor of Rayy
May 1409–March 1447 – Ulugh Beg is governor of Transoxiana
c. February 1405–13 March 1447 – Shah Rukh (ruled from Herat)
c. March 1447–27 October 1449 – Ulugh Beg (Mirza Muhammad Tāraghay)
c. March 1447–c. October 1449 – division of Timurid Empire into (1) Transoxiana and (2) Khurasan, Herat, Fars, and Iraq-e-Ajam with multipel rulers in Iran

Transoxiana
27 October 1449–9 May 1450 – Abdal-Latif Mirza
9 May 1450–June 1451 – Abdullah Mirza
June 1451–c. 17 February 1469 – Abu Sa’id Mirza is rule of Transoxiana:

1451–17 February 1469 – Samarkand and Transoxiana
March 1459–17 February 1469 – Herat

Khurasan, Herat, Fars, and Iraq-e-Ajam
c. March 1447–spring 1448 – Ala al-Dawla Mirza (Khorasan and Herat; lived on as minor ruler)
1447–1451 – Sultan Muhammad (Persia and Fars)
1449–1457 – Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza
1457 – Mirza Shah Mahmud
1457–March 1459 – Ibrahim Mirza (Herat)

March 1459–17 February 1469 – sole rule of Abu Sa’id Mirza in Transoxiana and Iran
February 1469 – the sons of Abu Sa’id Mirza divide Transoxiana after his death into Samarkand, Bukhara, Hissar, Balkh, Kabul and Farghana

1406
22 January 1406–9 March 1414 – Al-Musta'in Billah is Abbasid caliph in Cairo:

Abbasid Caliph of Cairo
9 March 1414–23 July 1441 – Al-Mu'tadid II
23 July 1441–29 January 1451 – Al-Mustakfi II
1451–1455 – Al-Qa'im
1455–7 April 1479 – Al-Mustanjid
8 April 1479–27 September 1497 – Al-Mutawakkil II
27 September 1497–1508 – Al-Mustamsik (first reign)
1508–1516 – Al-Mutawakkil III
1516–1517 – Al-Mustamsik
22 January 1517 – Al-Mutawakkil III (second reign)

1406–August 1410 – Ahmad Jalayir is ruler at Baghdad

14 October 1406 – battle of Nakhchivan: Qara Yusuf the ruler of the Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep Turkomans) defeats Abu Bakr bin Miran Shah (Timurid ruler of Azerbaijan)

1408
20 April 1408 – battle of Sardrud: Qara Yusuf defeats and kills Abu Bakr and his father Miran Shah who attempt to recapture Azerbaijan

1409
13 May 1409 – Shah Rukh captures Samarkand

May 1409–March 1447 – Ulugh Beg is governor of Transoxiana

May 1409–13 March 1447 – Shah Rukh (ruled from Herat) is sole ruler of the Timurid Empire

c. May 1409–1411 – Khalil Sultan is govenor of Rayy

1410
August 1410 – execution of Ahmad Jalayir by Qara Yusuf

c. August 1410–1411 – Shah Walad is Jalayir ruler

1411
29 April 1411 – Shah Muhammad captures Baghdad after months of resistance

29 April 1411–1432 – Shah Muhammad (Kara Koyunlu) is Wali of Baghdad (nominal ruler from c. August 1410)

1412
7 May 1412–6 November 1412 – Al-Musta'in (Abbasid caliph) is Sultan of Egypt

17 November 1420 – death of Qara Yusuf

1429–1431 – Abu Said Busat is ruler of the Kara Koyunlu under the suzerainty of the Timurids

1432
1432 – the Jalayirid state in lower Iraq conquered by the Kara Koyunlu

1433
1433–1445 – Ispend bin Yusuf is Kara Koyunlu ruler of Baghdad


c. 1438–1467 – Jahan Shah is Sultan of Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep Turks)

1147
13 March 1447 – death of Shah Rukh (ruled from Herat)

c. March 1447–27 October 1449 – Ulugh Beg (Mirza Muhammad Tāraghay)

c. March 1447–c. October 1449 – division of Timurid Empire into (1) Transoxiana and (2) Khurasan, Herat, Fars, and Iraq-e-Ajam with multipel rulers in Iran

27 October 1449–9 May 1450 – Abdal-Latif Mirza is Timurid ruler of Transoxiana