Chronology of Byzantine Empire 330–1453

198–8 April 217 – Caracalla

c. 208–224 – Artabanus V of Parthia

winter 215/216–summer 217 – Caracalla’s Parthian war:

winter 215–216 – Caracalla in Nicomedia with the army
summer 216 – Caracalla attacks country east of the Tigris near borders of Adiabene
winter 216/217 – Caracalla winters at Edessa
8 April 217 – assassination of Caracalla
summer 217 – battle of Nisibis between Macrinus and King Artabanus V

11 April 217–8 June 218 – Macrinus

16 May 218–11 March 222 – Elagabalus

11 March 222–18/19 March 235 – Severus Alexander

28 April 224 – Ardashir I defeats Artabanus V of Parthia at the battle of Hormozdgan; end of Parthian dynasty

28 April 224–651 – Sasanian Empire

224–242 – reign of Ardashir I, first king of Sasanian Empire:

224–242 – Ardashir I
12 April 240–May 270 – Shapur I
May 270–June 271 – Hormizd I
June 271–September 274 – Bahram I
September 274–293 – Bahram II
293 – Bahram III
293–302 – Narseh
302–309 – Hormizd II
309 – Adur Narseh
309–379 – Shapur II
379–383 – Ardashir II
383–388 – Shapur III
388–399 – Bahram IV
399–21 January 420 – Yazdegerd I

28 April 224 – Ardashir I, crowned at Ctesiphon as the sole ruler of Persia (alternative dates: 226 or 6 April 227)

20 March 235–early May 238 – Maximinus Thrax

22 April–29 July 238 – Pupienus and Balbinus

22 March–12 April 238 – Gordian I and Gordian II

22 April–29 July 238 – Gordian III

244–249 – Philip the Arab

249–251 – Decius

253–260 – Valerian

253–268 – Gallienus

September 268–January 270 – Claudius Gothicus

September 270–September/October 275 – Aurelian

25 September 275–June 276 – Marcus Claudius Tacitus

July–September 276 – Florianus

276–September/October 282 – Probus

282–283 – Carus

20 November 284–1 May 305 – reign of Diocletian:

20 November 284–July 285 – (in competition with Carinus)
July 285–1 April 286 – (alone)
1 April 286–1 May 305 – (as Senior Augustus of the east, with Maximian in the west)
2 April 286–1 May 305 – Maximian is Augustus of the West
305–306 – Constantius Chlorus is Augustus in the west

300
305–306 – the Synod of Elvira in Hispania Baetica, now Granada in southern Spain

1 May 305 – in Milan and Nicomedia, Diocletian and Maximian retired simultaneously

1 May 305–summer 306 – Valerius Severus appointed Caesar of the West

East 1 April 286–1 May 305 – Diocletian Senior Augustus of the east 1 May 305–late April/early May 311 – Galerius Augustus in the East 11 November 308 – Licinius appointed Augustus (Illyricum, Thrace and Pannonia and the West) 310–May 313 – Maximinus II Augustus in the east 311 – Maximinus divides Eastern Empire between Licinius and himself 313–324 – Licinius is Augustus in the east

West 2 April 286–1 May 305 – Maximian is Augustus of the West 1 May 305–25 July 306 – Constantius Chlorus is Augustus in the west 25 July 306–29 October 312 – Constantine is Caesar in the west 28 October 306–28 October 312 – Maxentius 11 November 308 – Galerius’ general council at Carnuntum 28 October 312 – battle of the Milvian Bridge between Constantine I and Maxentius

25 July 306–22 May 337 – reign of Constantine the Great:

25 July 306–29 October 312 – Constantine is Caesar in the west
309 – Constantine self-proclaimed Augustus
29 October 312 – Constantine enters Rome
29 October 312–19 September 324 – Constantine undisputed Augustus
February 313 – Edict of Milan
3 July 324 – the Battle of Adrianople between Constantine I and Licinius
18 September 324 – the battle of Chrysopolis between Constantine and Licinius
19 September 324–22 May 337 – Constantine is emperor of whole empire
324 – foundation of Constantinople
11 May 330 – dedication of Constantinople

summer 306–March/April 307 – Valerius Severus Augustus in the west

28 October 306 – Maxentius and his father Maximian declared Augusti

28 October 306–28 October 312 – Maxentius

late 307 – Galerius leads an invasion of Italy against Maxentius but retreats north with his army

early 308 – Maximian forced to leave Italy in disgrace after trying to remove his son from power

11 November 308 – Galerius’ general council at the military city of Carnuntum (with Diocletian, Galerius, and Maximian): Maximian forced to abdicate; Constantine was again demoted to Caesar; Licinius appointed Augustus in the western regions

11 November 308–313 – Licinius appointed Augustus in the west (Danube, Illyricum, Thrace and Pannonia and the West)

309 – Maximian returns to the court of Constantine in Gaul

c. July 310 – Maximian hanged himself

April/May 311 – death of Galerius on journey from Thessalonica to Romuliana, perhaps Serdica; he is buried in mausoleum at Gamzigrad-Romuliana, part of his palace, in Zaječar in Serbia

9 June 311 – Licinius in Serdica

28 October 312 – battle of the Milvian Bridge between Constantine I and Maxentius

28 October 312 – death of Maxentius while crossing the Tiber in Rome

3 December 312 – death of Diocletian at his Palace

February 313 – Edict of Milan

30 April 313 – battle of Tzirallum between Licinius and Maximinus, at Çorlu, in Tekirdağ Province, in the Turkish region of Eastern Thrace; Maximinus defeated and he flees to Tarsus

July/August 313 – death of Maximinus II in Tarsus

East 313–324 July/August 313–18 September 324 – Licinius is Augustus I in the East July–18 September 324 – Martinian is Caesar of Licinius

West 313–324 28 October 312–18 September 324 – Constantine the Great is Augustus in the West 1 March 317–326 – Crispus is Caesar of his father Constantine I 25 July 306–22 May 337 – reign of Constantine the Great

1 March 317–326 – Crispus is Caesar of his father Constantine I

3 July 324 – the Battle of Adrianople between Constantine I and Licinius

July 324 – battle of the Hellespont, two separate naval clashes between Constantine’s fleet (led by Crispus) and a larger fleet under Licinius’ admiral, Abantus

18 September 324 – battle of Chrysopolis (modern Üsküdar), near Chalcedon between Constantine I and Licinius; Licinius defeated

19 September 324–22 May 337 – Constantine is emperor of whole empire

8 November 324 – foundation of Constantinople when Constantine marks out the perimeter

winter 324–325? – Constantine tours Asia Minor and Antioch

spring 325 – death of Licinius in Thessalonica

20 May–19 June 325 – Constantine presides over the First Ecumenical Council at Nicaea

spring/summer 326 – execution of Crispus

11 May 330 – Constantine I dedicates Constantinople

22 May 337 – death of Constantine at his suburban villa Achyron, near Nicomedia

summer 337 – killing of Dalmatius (Caesar of Thracia, Achaea and Macedonia)

September 337 – death of Hannibalianus (nephew of Constantine I and Rex Regum et Ponticarum Gentium)

9 September 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans meet at Pannonia and divide the empire

East 337–350 – Constantius II co-Augustus (Constantinople, Thrace, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Cyrenaica) 18 January 350–11 August 353 – Magnentius

West September 337–340 – Constantine II is Augustus (Gaul, Britannia and Hispania) 337–350 – Constans (Italy, Africa, Illyricum, Pannonia, Macedonia, and Achaea)

337–340 – Constantine II is joint emperor (over Gaul, Hispania, and Britannia) with Constantius II and Constans

337–3 November 361 – rule of Constantius II:

337–340 – Constantius II is co-Augustus (ruling Asian provinces and Egypt) with Constantine II and Constans
340 – killing of Constantine II in an ambush outside Aquileia in civil war with Constans
340–350 – Constantius II is co-Augustus with Constans
350 – assassination of Constans in Helena (now Elne) in the eastern Pyrenees of southwestern Gaul by supporters of the general Magnentius
350–361 – Constantius II is sole Augustus of the Roman Empire

350 – assassination of Constans in Helena (now Elne) in the eastern Pyrenees of southwestern Gaul by supporters of the general Magnentius

350–361 – Constantius II is sole Augustus of the Roman Empire

351 – battle of Mursa Major between Constantius II and Magnentius

6 November 355–February 360 – Julian the Apostate is Caesar in Gaul

3 November 361 – Constantius II dies of fever in Mopsucrene, Cilicia

3 November 361–26 June 363 – Julian the Apostate is emperor of the entire empire

11 December 361 – Julian entered Constantinople as sole emperor

27 June 363–17 February 364 – reign of Jovian

February 364 – selection of Valentinian I as emperor at Nicaea

26 February 364–17 November 375 – rule of Valentinian I:

26 February–28 March 364 – Valentinian I is Augustus of the whole empire
26 March 364–17 November 375 – Valentinian I is emperor of the west

28 March 364 – Valentinian I selects Valens as co-Augustus at Constantinople

East 28 March 364–9 August 378 – Valens

West 26 February 364–17 November 375 – Valentinian I 17 November 375–25 August 383 – Gratian

28 March 364–9 August 378 – Valens is emperor in the East

22 November 375–15 May 392 – reign of Valentinian II:

375–387 – reign from Milan
388–392 – reign from Vienne

17 November 375–25 August 383 – rule of Gratian:

17 November 375–9 August 378 – Gratian is senior Augustus of the west
9 August 378–19 January 379 – Gratian is senior Augustus of the whole empire
19 January 379–25 August 383 – Gratian is senior Augustus in the west

summer 376 – large numbers of Goths arrive on the Danube River requesting asylum from the Huns, including the Thervings (led by Fritigern and Alavivus) and the Greuthungi (led by Alatheus and Saphrax)

9 August 378 – the Battle of Adrianople between the emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (Thervings, Greutungs, and non-Gothic Alans) led by Fritigern north of Adrianople

9 August 378–19 January 379 – Gratian is senior Augustus of the whole empire

19 January 379 – Theodosius I proclaimed Eastern Emperor at Sirmium

19 January 379–25 August 383 – Gratian is senior Augustus in the west

East 19 January 379–15 May 392 – Theodosius I is emperor in the East

West 19 January 379–25 August 383 – Gratian is senior Augustus in the west 25 August 383 – Gratian assassinated 384–28 August 388 – Magnus Maximus is Western Roman Emperor 22 November 375–15 May 392 – Valentinian II (reign from Vienne 388–392) 22 August 392–6 September 394 – Flavius Eugenius 5–6 September 394 – battle of the Frigidus between Theodosius I and Eugenius

383 – Maximus was proclaimed emperor by his troops

383 – Magnus Maximus withdrew troops from northern and western Britain

25 August 383 – Gratian assassinated

384–28 August 388 – Magnus Maximus is Western Roman Emperor (383: commander of Britain; usurped the throne under Gratian, and by negotiation with emperor Theodosius I emperor in Britannia and Gaul)

28 August 388 – Magnus Maximus executed in Aquileia

388 – Theodosius banned marriage between Christians and Jews

15 May 392–17 January 395 – Theodosius I is emperor of the entire empire

22 August 392–6 September 394 – Flavius Eugenius

23 January 393 – accession of Honorius:

Western Empire
23 January 393–15 August 423 – Honorius
20 November 423–May 425 – Joannes
23 October 425–16 March 455 – Valentinian III
17 March–31 May 455 – Petronius Maximus
9 July 455–17 October 456 – Avitus
1 April 457–2 August 461 – Majorian
19 November 461–15 August 465 – Libius Severus
12 April 467–11 July 472 – Anthemius
23 March/July 11–23 October/2 November 472 – Olybrius
c. 3 March 473–June 474 – Glycerius
June 474–28 August 475 – Julius Nepos
31 October 475–4 September 476 – Romulus Augustulus

5–6 September 394 – battle of the Frigidus between Theodosius I and Eugenius

17 January 395 – death of Theodosius in Milan

395–1 May 408 – Arcadius is emperor in the East:

Eastern Empire
395–1 May 408 – Arcadius
1 May 408–28 July 450 – Theodosius II
450–457 – Marcian
457–474 – Leo I the Thracian
18 January 474–17 November 474 – Leo II
9 February 474–9 January 475 – Zeno
9 January 475–August 476 – Basiliscus
August 476–9 April 491 – Zeno
11 April 491–9 July 518 – Anastasius I Dicorus

400
404 – Honorius expelled Jews (and Samaritans) from the agentes in rebus

1 May 408–28 July 450 – Theodosius II is Eastern emperor

East 395–1 May 408 – Arcadius 1 May 408–28 July 450 – Theodosius II is Eastern emperor 450–457 – Marcian 457–474 – Leo I the Thracian

West 23 January 393–15 August 423 – Honorius 20 November 423–May 425 – Joannes 23 October 425–16 March 455 – Valentinian III 17 March–31 May 455 – Petronius Maximus 9 July 455–17 October 456 – Avitus

late 408 – the first siege of Rome by the Goths under Alaric

December 408 – the Visigoths lift the siege of Rome and withdraw to Etruria

late 409 – the Visigoths under Alaric renew the siege of Rome

24 August 410 – the sack of Rome by the Visigoths led by King Alaric

410 – Romano-British expelled the magistrates of the usurper Constantine III

late 410 – Alaric dies of illness at Consentia

411 – Rescript of Honorius tells the British civitates to undertake their own defence

415 – prohibition of the trying of Christians in the Patriarch’s court and transferral all litigation between Jews and Christians to the jurisdiction of the provincial governors

418 – Honorius expells Jews from the army and debarred them for the future from all branches of the civil service (the palatine ministries and the agentes in rebus)

425 – Valentinian III expells Jews from public service and the legal profession

before 429 – cessation of Jewish Patriarchate

429 – codification of the Theodosian Code

c. 450–500 – the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain

2–16 June 455 – the second of sack of Rome by the Vandals under Geiseric

500
July 518 – accession of Justin I, first emperor of the Justinian Dynasty:

Justinian Dynasty (518–602)
July 518–1 August 527 – Justin I
1 August 527–13/14 November 565 – Justinian I the Great
14 November 565–5 October 578 – Justin II
5 October 578–14 August 582 – Tiberius II Constantine
14 August 582–22 November 602 – Maurice

525 – Justinian marries Theodora

526–532 – the Iberian War between the Byzantines and Sassanids over the eastern Georgian kingdom of Iberia

c. 527 (or c. 515) – Icel of Mercia:

Kings of Mercia
Cnebba
Cynewald
c. 584–c. 593 – Creoda
c. 593–c. 606 – Pybba
c. 606–c. 626 – Cearl
c. 626–655 – Penda
c. 635–642 – Eowa
c. 653–656 – Peada
655–658 – Oswiu of Northumbria
658–675 – Wulfhere
675–704 – Æthelred I
704–709 – Cœnred
709–716 – Ceolred
716 – Ceolwald
716–757 – Æthelbald
757 – Beornred
757–796 – Offa
787–796 – Ecgfrith
796–821 – Cœnwulf

1 August 527–13/14 November 565 – reign of Justinian I the Great

13–18 January 532 – Nika riots and revolt against Justinian
June 533–March 534 – the Vandalic War
535–554 – the Gothic War in Italy
540–562 – war with the Sassanid Empire
540 – Justinian I recalls Belisarius
541–542 – the plague of Justinian
544 – Belisarius returns to Italy
28 June 548 – death of Theodora
July 551 – the eastern Mediterranean hit by the 551 Beirut earthquake, with a tsunami

June 533–March 534 – the Vandalic War of Justinian, which ends in the conquest of the Vandalic Kingdom of Carthage

535–554 – the Gothic War between the Justinian I and the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy in Italy, Dalmatia, Sardinia, Sicily and Corsica:

535–540 – the first phase ending in the fall of the Ostrogothic capital (Ravenna)
540/541–553 – the second phase of Gothic resistance under Totila against the Byzantine general Narses
17 December 546 – sack of Rome by Totila
554 – Narses defeats an invasion by the Franks and Alamanni

541–542 – the plague of Justinian

17 December 546 – sack of Rome by the Gothic king Totila during the Gothic War of 535–554

28 June 548 – death of Theodora

550/558 – composition of the Secret History of Procopius (or in 562)

551 – last dated event in Procopius’ Wars of Justinian

553 – Justinian’s Novella

spring 568 – Alboin leads the Lombards into Italy:

569 – fall of Forum Iulii (Cividale del Friuli) to the Lombards
summer 569 – the Lombards conquer Milan
570 – Lombards conquer Spoleto in Umbria
c. 571 – establishment of the Duchy of Benevento
572 – Pavia falls to the Lombards after a 3-year siege and the first capital city of the new Lombard kingdom of Italy

568 – Alboin takes the title King of Italy:

Lombard Kings in Italy
565–572 – Alboin
572–574 – Cleph
574–584 – Rule of the Dukes (Ten year interregnum)
584–590 – Authari
591–c. 616 – Agilulf
c. 616–c. 626 – Adaloald
c. 626–636 – Arioald
636–652 – Rothari
652–653 – Rodoald
653–661 – Aripert I
661–662 – Perctarit and Godepert
662–671 – Grimuald
671 – Garibald
671–688 – Perctarit
688–689 – Alahis
688–700 – Cunincpert
700–701 – Liutpert
701 – Raginpert
701–712 – Aripert II
712 – Ansprand
712–744 – Liutprand
744 – Hildeprand
744–749 – Ratchis
749–756 – Aistulf
756–774 – Desiderius
774–781 – Charlemagne
781–810 – Pepin
810–818 – Bernard
818–839 – Lothair I
839–875 – Louis II

572–591 – Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591

600
23 November 602–4 October 610 – reign of the emperor Phocas

602–628 – Byzantine–Sasanian War

5 October 610 – accession of Heraclius:

Heraclian Dynasty (610–695)
5 October 610–11 February 641 – Heraclius
11 February–24/26 May 641 – Constantine III
11 February 641–September 641 – Heraklonas
September 641–15 September 668 – Constans II
15 September 668–September 685 – Constantine IV the Bearded
September 685–695 – Justinian II the Slit-nosed

June–July 626 – the siege of Constantinople of 626 by the Sassanid Persians and Avars, aided by allied Slavs with a victory for the Byzantines

September 629 – battle of Mu’tah between Muslim Arabs and Byzantines near the village of Mu’tah, east of the Jordan River

8 June 632 – death of Muhammad in Medina, at the age of 62/63

8 June 632–23 August 634 – Abu Bakr is 1st Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate

23 August 634–3 November 644 – Umar ibn Al-Khattab is 2nd Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate

January 635 – battle of Fahl (battle of Pella) between the Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid Saifullah and Byzantines Theodore the Sacellarius (Saqalar), in Fahl (ancient Pella along the Jordan Valley of Jordan)

15–August 636 – battle of Yarmouk, major victory for the Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid against the Byzantines, near the Yarmouk River, along what today are the borders of Syria–Jordan and Syria–Israel, east of the Sea of Galilee

672/673–26 May 735 – life of the Venerable Bede

674–678 – the First Arab Siege of Constantinople by the Umayyad Caliphate under Caliph Mu’awiya I against Emperor Constantine IV

695 – Justinian II the Slit-nosed is deposed:

Twenty Years’ Anarchy (695–717)
695–698 – Leontios
698–705 – Tiberius III Apsimar
August 705–December 711 – Justinian II the Slit-nosed
December 711–3 June 713 – Philippikos Bardanes
June 713–November 715 – Anastasios II
May 715–25 March 717 – Theodosios III

695–714 – reign of Grimoald II (Neustria)

Mayors of the Palace
695–714 – Grimoald II (Neustria)
708–714 – Grimoald II (Neustria, Burgundy)
714–716 – Theudoald (Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy)
715–741 – Charles Martel (Austrasia)
718–741 – Charles Martel (Neustria and Burgundy, Austrasia)
741–747 – Carloman (Austrasia)
741–751 – Pippin the Younger (Neustria and Burgundy)
747–751 – Pippin the Younger (Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy)

700
711 – Tariq ibn Ziyad (Berber client of Musa bin Nusair, the governor of Islamic Africa) invades Spain with 7,000 Berber men, while Roderic was in the north fighting the Basques:

July 711 – battle at the Guadalete River in Cádiz where king Roderic is killed
712 – Musa (governor of Ifriqiya) invades Spain with an army of 18,000
713 – Musa takes Mérida
714 – Saragossa and León conquered
716 – most of Spain conquered by Muslims
721–725 – Septimania conquered
summer 722 – battle of Covadonga and defeat of Muslims; an independent Christian state is created in the north which becomes the Kingdom of Asturias

25 March 717–18 June 741 – reign of Leo III the Isaurian

Isaurian Dynasty (717–802)
25 March 717–18 June 741 – Leo III the Isaurian
18 June 741–14 September 775 – Constantine V the Dung-named
June 741/742–2 November 743 – Artabasdos
14 September 775–8 September 780 – Leo IV the Khazar
8 September 780–August 797 – Constantine VI
August 797–31 October 802 – Irene of Athens

15 July/August 717–15 August 718 – the second Arab siege of Constantinople of 717–718 by the Arabs of the Umayyad Caliphate led by Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik against the emperor Leo III the Isaurian

10 October 732 – the Battle of Tours between Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate

25 January 750 – battle of the Zab between the Umayyad Caliph Marwan II and Abbasid forces under Abdallah ibn Ali, on the banks of the Great Zab river

25 January 750–1517 – Abbasid Caliphate:

25 January 750–10 June 754 – Abul ’Abbas as-Saffaḥ
10 June 754–6 October 775 – Al-Mansur
6 October 775–24 July 785 – Al-Mahdi
24 July 785–14 September 786 – Al-Hadi
14 September 786–24 March 809 – Harun al-Rashid
24 March 809–27 September 813 – Al-Amin
27 September 813–7 August 833 – Al-Ma’mun

March 752 – Pippin III became the King of the Franks and the office of mayor abolished

752–768 – Pepin the Younger

30 July 762 – foundation of Baghdad by Al-Mansur; decline of Ctesiphon

766 – the Round City of Al-Mansur in Baghdad complete

768–771 – Carloman I (Burgundy, Alemannia, southern Austrasia)

9 October 768–28 January 814 – Charlemagne is King of the Franks:

772–804 – Charlemagne’s Saxon wars
773 – Charlemagne invades Italy and pushes the Lombards to Pavia, which they then besiege
773–774 – Charlemagne’s siege of Pavia
10 July 774– Charlemagne crowned King of the Lombards
10 July 774–28 January 814 – Charlemagne is King of the Lombards
787 – Charlemagne attacks the Duchy of Benevento and besieges Salerno
789 – Charlemagne deposes Tassilo and takes Bavaria
790 – Charlemagne’s campaign down the Danube to attack the Avars
25 December 800 – Charlemagne is crowned emperor by the Pope in Old St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome
25 December 800–28 January 814 – Charlemagne is Holy Roman Emperor
805 – Leo III consecrates Aachen Cathedral
28 January 814 – death of Charlemagne in Aachen

793 – monastery of Lindisfarne raided by Vikings, Northumberland

800
25 December 800 – coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor in Old St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome

25 December 800–28 January 814 – Charlemagne is Holy Roman Emperor

31 October 802 – accession of Nikephoros I the Logothete:

Nikephorian Dynasty (802–813)
31 October 802–26 July 811 – Nikephoros I the Logothete
26 July 811–2 October 811 – Staurakios
2 October 811–22 June 813 – Michael I Rangabe

11 July 813–25 December 820 – Leo V the Armenian

28 January 814 – death of Charlemagne

25 December 820 – accession of Michael II the Amorian:

Amorian dynasty (820–867)
25 December 820–2 October 829 – Michael II the Amorian
2 October 829–20 January 842 – Theophilos
20 January 842–23 September 867 – Michael III the Drunkard

c. 824 or 827/828 – a group of Andalusian exiles conquers Crete and establishes an independent state

June 827 – Muslim conquest of Sicily begins (June 827–902)

840 – Æthelwulf of Wessex defeated at Carhampton, Somerset, by Viking attack from 35 Viking ships

842–843 – the Byzantines launch a campaign to retake Crete under Theoktistos

865–878 – invasion and conquest of Northumbria and Mercia by the Great Heathen Army of Vikings:

late 865 – Vikings landed in East Anglia
winter 865–866 – Vikings stay in East Anglia
late 866 – Vikings invade Northumbria and take York
867 – Viking army establishes a puppet leader in Northumbria and invades Mercia
c. 867 – army from Wessex and Mercia besieges the city of Nottingham
autumn 868 – Vikings return to Northumbria
winter 868–869 – Vikings winter in York
869–870 – Vikings return to East Anglia and spent the winter at Thetford
871 – the Great Summer Army arrives from Scandinavia, led by Bagsecg
8 January 871 – Great Summer Army defeated at the Battle of Ashdown by West Saxons, led by King Æthelred’s brother Alfred
871–872 – the Great Heathen Army winters in London before returning to Northumbria
872–873 – Great Heathen Army in winter quarters at Torksey in the Kingdom of Lindsey (now part of Lincolnshire)
winter 873–874 – Vikings at winter quarters at Repton in Derbyshire
874 – Great Heathen Army drives the Mercian king into exile and finally conquered Mercia
winter 874–875 – Halfdan leads one band of Vikings north to Northumbria, where he winters by the river Tyne
874–875 – Guthrum, Oscetel, and Anwend lead a second group of Vikings to winter at Cambridge
876 – Halfdan shares out Northumbrian land amongst his men; this becomes the Danelaw
6–12 May 878 – Alfred the Great defeats the Great Heathen Army led by Guthrum at the battle of Edington
878 – the Peace of Wedmore between Alfred the Great and Guthrum (who was baptised and accepted Alfred as his adoptive father)

23 September 867 – assassination of Michael III the Drunkard and accession of Basil I the Macedonian:

Macedonian Dynasty (867–1056)
867–2 August 886 – Basil I the Macedonian
886–11 May 912 – Leo VI the Wise
11 May 912–6 June 913 – Alexander
6 June 913–9 November 959 – Constantine VII the Purple-born
17 December 920–16 December 944 – Romanos I Lekapenos
9 November 959–15 March 963 – Romanos II the Purple-born
16 August 963–11 December 969 – Nikephoros II Phokas
11 December 969–10 January 976 – John I Tzimiskes
10 January 976–15 December 1025 – Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer

23 April 871–26 October 899 – Alfred the Great is King of Wessex

878 – Guthrum and his Vikings go to Cirencester, Mercia

late 879 – Guthrum and his Vikings go to East Anglia

900
927 – Athelstan annexes York

12 July 927 – Athelstan acknowledged as overlord by King Constantine of Scotland, King Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, Ealdred of Bamburgh, and King Owain of Strathcly, at Eamont, near Penrith

954 – Eadred of Wessex finally takes York after Viking king Eric dies

1000