Chronology of the Roman Empire 100–300 AD

18 September 96 – the emperor Domitian is assassinated in his bedroom in the Domus Augustiana around ten or eleven AM; Nerva hailed as emperor by the praetorian guard

18 September 96–27 January 98 – reign of the emperor Nerva

19 September 96 – the Senate passes a decree giving Nerva his official power; the Senate passes a damnatio memoriae against Domitian, and imperial shields and images torn down

c. December 96 – publication of Book 11 of Martial’s Epigrams, shortly after the accession of Nerva

winter 96–97 – T. Vestricius Spurinna (24–c. 105) is in Rome; by late 97 is away from Rome

97
1 January 97 – Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus III (January–February) and L. Verginius Rufus III are ordinary consuls

4–19 September – the Ludi Romani (Roman Games)

September 97 – mutiny of the praetorian guard led by Casperius Aelianus; Sex. Julius Frontinus, L. Julius Ursus Servianus, and L. Licinius Sura support Trajan

October 97 – Nerva announces the adoption of Trajan in the Forum, who now takes the name Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus

October 97 – T. Vestricius Spurinna sent as an embassy to Trajan to announce his adoption?

4–17 November – the Ludi Plebeii (Plebeian Games)

winter 97–98 – Trajan spends the winter at Colonia Claudia Agrippina (Cologne), capital Germania Inferior

17–23 December – the Saturnalia, the winter solstice festival of Saturn, with a sacrifice at the temple of Saturn and a public feast

98
c. 98 – Tacitus writes the Agricola

98 – return of Martial to his home at Augusta Bilbilis (now Calatayud) in Hispania Tarraconensis, Spain

98–100 – Pliny is prefect of the treasury of Saturn (praefectus aerari Saturni)

98–102 – Pliny writes the 14 letters of Book 10 of his Letters

1 January 98 – Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus IV (to 13 January) and Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus II (January–June) are ordinary consuls

27 January 98 – death of the emperor Nerva at his villa in the Horti Sallustiani

27 January 98–8 August 117 – reign of the emperor Trajan

28 January 98 – the dies imperii of Trajan

c. January 98 – publication of a revised edition of Book 10 of Martial’s Epigrams, about the time of Trajan’s entrance into Rome

after January 98 – the execution of Casperius Aelianus and the ringleaders of the insurrection against Nerva

2 February 98 – the public funeral of Nerva

January 98 – suffect consuls with Trajan down to June:

13 January 13–31 January – Cn. Domitius Tullus II and Trajan
February – Sex. Julius Frontinus II and Trajan
March – L. Julius Ursus II and Trajan
April – T. Vestricius Spurinna II and Trajan
May–June – C. Pomponius Pius

summer 98? – Trajan inspects the Danube frontier

99
autumn 99 – Trajan’s entry into Rome

before October/December 99 – Trajan’s donativium and congiarium

100–110100
c. 100–110 – publication date of Juvenal’s first satire

c. 100 – publication of Book 12 of Martial’s Epigrams; death of Quintilian (Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, 35–c. 100 AD)

January 100 – Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus III (January) and Sex. Julius Frontinus III (January–February) are ordinary consuls

c. September–October 100 – Pliny the Younger is suffect consul with C. Julius Cornutus Tertullus

100 – Pliny gives his Panegyricus Traiani in the Senate

101
25 March 101 – Trajan leaves Rome for Dacia

101–102 – the first Dacian War of Trajan

25 March 101 – Trajan leaves Rome for Dacia
c. June 101 – Roman army crosses the Danube at Viminacium
September 101 – second battle of Tapae
winter 101–102 – Trajan on the Danube
winter 101–102 – Decebalus attacks the Roman province of Moesia; battle of Nicopolis and Adamclisi
spring 102 – Roman army crosses the Danube at Lederata;
summer 102 – Lusius Quietus and Moorish cavalry attack Decebalus via the Vulcan Pass; Laberius Maximus marches along the Olt valley and takes the Red Tower Pass
summer 102 – Trajan, Quietus and Maximus join forces at the hot springs of Aquae (Calan), 20 miles from the Dacian capital.
summer – submission of Decebalus; annexation of the Banat; permanent bridge over the Danube at Drobeta built

winter 101–102 – Decebalus attacks the Roman province of Moesia; battle of Nicopolis and Adamclisi

102
c. 102–104 – death of Marcus Valerius Martialis (Martial)

January 102 – L. Julius Ursus Servianus II (January–April) and L. Licinius Sura II (January–February) are ordinary consuls

spring 102 – Roman army crosses the Danube at Lederata;

summer 102 – Lusius Quietus and Moorish cavalry attack Decebalus via the Vulcan Pass; Laberius Maximus marches along the Olt valley and takes the Red Tower Pass

summer 102 – Trajan, Quietus and Maximus join forces at the hot springs of Aquae (Calan), 20 miles from the Dacian capital.

summer – submission of Decebalus; annexation of the Banat; permanent bridge over the Danube at Drobeta built

late 102 – Trajan returns to Rome

28 December 102? – Trajan’s Dacian triumph

103
103 – Silius Italicus commits suicide by starvation in Campania, because of a tumour

103 – Pliny is propraetor of Bithynia; from 103–104 Pliny is publicly elected Augur

c. 103/104 – death of Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 40–103 AD)

104
104–106 – Pliny is superintendent for the banks of the Tiber (curator alvei Tiberis)

104–107 – Pliny is three times a member of Trajan’s judicial council

105
4 June 105? – Trajan leaves Rome for Dacia

June 105–106 – Trajan’s Second Dacian War, after the Dacian King Decebalus violates the peace terms with the Rome

4 June 105? – Trajan leaves Rome for Dacia
autumn 105/106 – Trajan arrives in Drobeta
spring 106 – crossing of the Drobeta bridge and invasion of Dacia
spring 106 – invasion via Danube plain and Vulcan Pass route and the Petroseni Basin
c. July 106 – capture of Sarmizegethusa Regia
after 2 September 106 – Ti. Claudius Maximus and a band of auxiliaries kill Decebalus in the Carpathians
autumn 106 – Trajan at Ranisstorium (Piatri Craivii)
summer 106? – foundation of Porolissum
106/107? – battle of Porolissum

106 AD
early 106 – annexation of the Nabataean kingdom?
spring 106 – crossing of the Drobeta bridge and invasion of Dacia

spring 106 – invasion via Danube plain and Vulcan Pass route and the Petroseni Basin

c. July 106 – battle of Sarmisegetusa, with the legions II Adiutrix and IV Flavia Felix and a detachment (vexillatio) from Legio VI Ferrata; capture of Sarmizegethusa Regia

after 2 September 106 – Ti. Claudius Maximus and a band of auxiliaries kill Decebalus in the Carpathians

autumn 106 – Trajan at Ranisstorium (Piatri Craivii)

summer 106? – foundation of Porolissum

106/107? – battle of Porolissum

107
by 107 – annexation of the Nabataean kingdom

January 107 – L. Licinius Sura III (January–February or April) and Q. Sosius Senecio II are ordinary consuls

c. June 107 – Trajan leaves the Balkans

June 107 – Trajan arrives in Rome

108
c. 108 – publication of early books of Tacitus’ Historiae?

108 – the IX Hispana legion at York building the fort

c. 108 – Arrian studies under Epictetus at Nicopolis in Epirus

c. 108 – death of Lucius Licinius Sura; Trajan gives him a public funeral

June 108 – P. Aelius Hadrianus is suffect consul

109
c.109/111 – Trajan appoints Pliny as legatus Augusti to Bithynia-Pontus

11–24 November 109 – Trajan inaugurates a naumachia (for mock-sea battles) and holds Dacian games

110
c. 110 – Trajan appoints Pliny as legatus Augusti to Bithynia-Pontus

c. 110–c.113 – Pliny is legatus Augusti to Bithynia-Pontus

110s
111
autumn 111 – departure of Hadrian for Syria?

112 AD
112/113 – Tacitus is governor of Asia

January 112 – Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus VI (January) and T. Sextius Cornelius Africanus (January–March) are ordinary consuls

1 January 112 – dedication of Forum and Basilica build by Trajan

28 January 112 – 15 days of games in theatris tribus

before 29 August 112 – Plotina and Marciana are given the title Augusta

29 August 112 – death of Marciana (the sister of Trajan)

3 September 112 – funeral of Marciana (the sister of Trajan)

113
c. 113 – possible death of Pliny during his appointment in Bithynia-Pontus

113 – the Parthian king Osroes deposes the Armenian ruler Exedares and appoints Parthamasiris

early May 113 – Trajan holds the third set of Dacian games

12 May 113 – Trajan dedicates his Column

autumn 113 – Trajan leaves Rome for the east

December 113 – Trajan arrives in Antioch

114
7 January 114 – Trajan and Hadrian enter Antioch

January–April 114 – Trajan in Antioch

c. May 114–117 – Trajan’s Parthian war, between the Parthian Empire and Rome in Mesopotamia

c. May 114 – Trajan arrives in Satala, with an army of 8 legions or 80,000 men
summer 114 – Trajan marches to Elegeia in Armenia and receives the submission of Parthamasiris; Trajan annexes Armenia
summer 114 – Trajan remains in Elegeia and receives the submission of local rulers
late 114 – Roman forces occupy Armenia
winter 114–115 – Trajan in Armenia
spring 115 – Trajan invades northern Mesopotamia from Armenia
summer 115 – Trajan takes Batnae, Nisibis and Adiabene
winter 115–116 – Trajan spends the winter in Antioch; great earthquake in Syria
early 116 – Trajan leaves Antioch; one division invades Adiabene, including Ninus, Arbela and Gaugamela; a second division moves along the Tigris and attacks Babylon
summer 116 – Trajan accompanies a fleet along the Euphrates; he has fleet dragged over land by engines to the Euphrates to capture Seleucia and Ctesiphon; Trajan travels to Charax
later 116 – Trajan visits Babylon; rebellion in Mesopotamia; Lusius Quietus recovers Nisibis and Edessa; Seleucia is burnt
later 116 – battle of Ctesiphon; Trajan crowns Parthamaspates as client-king of Parthia in Ctesiphon and cedes part of Armenia to Parthia
later 116 – siege of Hatra
winter 116–117 – Trajan in Antioch
c. July 117 – Trajan leaves Seleucia-in-Pieria for Rome
8 August 117 – death of the emperor Trajan in Selinus (modern Gazipasa) in Cilicia

late 114 – Roman forces occupy Armenia

winter 114–115 – Trajan in Armenia

115
spring 115 – Trajan invades northern Mesopotamia from Armenia

summer 115 – Trajan takes Batnae, Nisibis and Adiabene

after October 115?–summer/autumn 117 – the Kitos War, major uprisings by ethnic Jews in Cyrenaica, Egypt, Cyprus during Trajan’s Parthian War

winter 115–116 – Trajan spends the winter in Antioch; great earthquake in Syria

116
21 February 116 – a letter of Trajan reaches the Senate informing them of the new provinces of Armenia and Mesopotamia

February 116 – Trajan honoured with the title of Parthicus

early 116 – Trajan leaves Antioch; one division invades Adiabene, including Ninus, Arbela and Gaugamela; a second division moves along the Tigris and attacks Babylon

summer 116 – Trajan accompanies a fleet along the Euphrates; he has fleet dragged over land by engines to the Euphrates to capture Seleucia and Ctesiphon; Trajan travels to Charax

summer 116 – Jewish uprisings in Cyprus, Egypt and Cyrene

later 116 – Trajan visits Babylon; rebellion in Mesopotamia; Lusius Quietus recovers Nisibis and Edessa; Seleucia is burnt

later 116 – battle of Ctesiphon; Trajan crowns Parthamaspates as client-king of Parthia in Ctesiphon and cedes part of Armenia to Parthia

later 116 – siege of Hatra

winter 116–117 – Trajan in Antioch

117
c. 117 – publication of Book 2 of Tacitus’ Ab excessu divi Augusti (Annals)? (alternative date: from 106–115); later books possibly in the 120s

summer/autumn 117 – Marcius Turbo ends the Jewish war

8 August 117 – death of the emperor Trajan in Selinus (modern Gazipasa) in Cilicia

9 August 117 – Trajan’s letter of adoption reaches Hadrian at Antioch

10 August 117 – accession of the emperor Hadrian

10 August 117–10 July 138 – reign of the emperor Hadrian

11 August 117 – news of Trajan’s death reaches Antioch

c. 12 August 117 – Hadrian orders the evacuation of Mesopotamia, Assyria and Greater Armenia; Lusius Quietus (governor of Judaea) removed from office

13–19 October 117 – Hadrian in Mopsucrene, 12 miles beyond Tarsus, then northwards over the Taurus into Cappadocia, via Tyana

late October 117 – Hadrian in Ancyra; he founds a “mystic contest” (mystikos agon) for the worship of Dionysus

11 November 117 – Hadrian was in Bithynia

late 117 – Hadrian withdraws from plains of Oltenia and Muntenia, the south-eastern flank of the Carpathians and southern Moldavia

118
c. 118 – publication of Arrian’s Parthica, a history of Trajan’s Parthian war

January 118 – Hadrian at Byzantium; he is consul with Pedanius Fuscus (the husband of his niece Julia)

Marcius Turbo made governor of both Dacia and Pannonia Inferior

early 118 – the Senate orders the executions of C. Avidius Nigrinus, in alleged conspiracy against Hadrian (he returns to Faventia (Faenza) in northern Italy); Lusius Quietus executed; A. Cornelius Palma executed at the Campanian resort of Baiae, and L. Publius Celsus at Tarracina in Latium

spring 118 – Hadrian in Pannonia

9 July 118 – Hadrian’s return to Rome

10 July 118 – Hadrian addends the senate?

c. 118 – dismissal of Publius Acilianus Attianus as praetorian prefect

summer 118? – Hadrian gave the people a double congiarium, in person (praesens), or six aurei a head

summer 118? – retirement of Servius Sulpicius Similis as Praetorian prefect; appointment of Gaius Septicius Clarus

summer 118? – appointment of Suetonius Tranquillus as ab epistulis

late 118? – Hadrian remits nine hundred million sesterces in tax arrears owed to the fiscus in the years from 104–118

119
119 – war in northern Britain

January–April 119 – Hadrian is ordinary consul at Rome

August 119 – victory in the Danubian war or British war?

119 – Hadrian’s trip to Campania; the Stoic philosopher, Euphrates of Tyre, commits suicide

December 119 – Augusta Matidia (Trajan’s niece) dies

end of 119 – funeral and consecration of Matidia

120s120
120–125 – birth of Apuleius

120s – publication of the Anabasis of Arrian of Nicomedia

c. 120–130 – death of Tacitus

121
c. April 121 – Hadrian leaves Rome for Gaul, possibly from Ostia, Massilia, and the Rhonel Turbo stays in Rome, with M. Annius Verus as Prefect of the City

121 – Hadrian’s army reforms begin

winter 121–122 – Hadrian in Germany

122
122 – Hadrian in Rhaetia and Noricum

122–128 – construction of Hadrian’s wall, which starts in the east and proceeded westwards

c. June 122 – Hadrian crosses to Britain

by 17 July 122 – Platorius Nepos governor of Britain

summer – Hadrian in Britain

c. 122/123 – Hadrian dismisses Septicius Clarus (praetorian prefect) and Suetonius Tranquillus and others

autumn/winter 122 – death of Borysthenes, Hadrian’s horse

winter 122–123 – Hadrian spends the winter at Tarraco, Spain

123

124

125

126

126 – Arrian of Nicomedia appointed to the Senate

127

128

129

130

c. October 130 – Antinous falls into the Nile and dies while on Hadrian’s journey down the Nile after the visit to Hermopolis Magna

130s131

132

summer/autumn 132 – beginning of the Bar Kokhba revolt in Modi’in

132–136 – the Bar Kokhba revolt (or The Third Jewish–Roman War or Second Revolt of Judea), led by Simon bar Kokhba

133

134

135

136

137

138
1 January 138 – death of Lucius Aelius Caesar (Lucius Ceionius Commodus), heir of Hadrian

c. 138 – death of Juvenal after the year of Hadrian’s death

11 July 138–7 March 161 – reign of Antoninus Pius

161
8 March 161–17 March 180 – reign of Marcus Aurelius

8 March 161–January/February 169 – reign of Lucius Verus

summer/autumn 161–166 – the Roman–Parthian War of 161–166:

summer/autumn 161 – Vologases enters Armenia, expels the king and installs Pacorus (an Arsacid)
winter 161–162 – Marcus Aurelius decides to send Lucius Verus to the east
summer 162 – Lucius Verus travels to Brundisium
summer 163 – Legions I Minervia (under M. Claudius Fronto) and V Macedonica (under P. Martius Verus) under Marcus Statius Priscus invade Armenia and capture Artaxata; Parthians invade Osroene
late 163 – Roman forces occupy Dausara and Nicephorium
165 – Martius Verus and the V Macedonica take Edessa and Nisibis; Avidius Cassius and the III Gallica move down the Euphrates and fight a battle at Dura-Europos
late 165 – Cassius’ army takes Seleucia and Ctesiphon; Ctesiphon’s royal palace burned
165/166 – Cassius’ army crosses the Tigris into Media
spring 166 – army withdraws from Mesopotamia

162
summer 162 – Lucius Verus travels to Brundisium

163
summer 163 – Legions I Minervia (under M. Claudius Fronto) and V Macedonica (under P. Martius Verus) under Marcus Statius Priscus invade Armenia and capture Artaxata; Parthians invade Osroene

late 163 – Roman forces occupy Dausara and Nicephorium

164

166
spring 166 – army withdraws from Mesopotamia

166/167–175 – First Marcomannic War

spring 168 – Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus’ expedition to Aquileia

169
January 169 – death of Lucius Verus

autumn 169 – Marcus Aurelius with his son-in-law Claudius Pompeianus begin a campaign against the tribes (especially the Iazyges) between the Danube and Dacia

170
spring 170 – battle of Carnuntum between the Marcomanni and Germanic tribes (under Ballomar) and the Romans

172 – the Romans cross the Danube and subjugate the Marcomanni, the Varistae or Naristi and the Cotini

173 – the Romans campaign against the Quadi

175
c. April 175 – Avidius Cassius declares himself emperor

July 175 – murder of Avidius Cassius in Egypt

176
23 December 176 – Marcus Aurelius and Commodus celebrate a joint German triumph

177
177–autumn 180 – Second Marcomannic War

180
17 March 180–31 December 192 – sole reign of Commodus

182
182/183 – conspiracy of Lucilla; execution of Claudius Pompeianus and Ummidius Quadratus; exile of Lucilla to Capri

9 December 182 – coins record that Commodus has the title Pius

183
c. 183 – assassination of Saoterus

185 – execution of the praetorian prefect Sextus Tigidius Perennis after a plot by Cleander

190
June 190 – execution of Cleander

193 AD
1 January 193 – 28 March 193 – reign of Pertinax

28 March 193–1 June 193 – reign of Didius Julianus

14 April 193–4 February 211 – reign of Septimius Severus

1 June 193 – execution of Didius Julianus in the palace

198 – Severus makes Caracalla Augustus

200
22 January 205 – execution of the praetorian prefect Lucius Fulvius Plautianus

208–4 February 211 – Septimius Severus’ expedition to Britain

c. 208–224 – Artabanus V of Parthia

4 February 211–8 April 217 – Caracalla is emperor

4 February 211– 26 December 211– Geta (rule with Caracalla)

26 December 211 – murder of Geta

winter 215–216 – Caracalla in Nicomedia with the army

April 215 – Caracalla arrives at Antioch

November 215 – Caracalla arrives in Pelusium

December 215–March/April 216 – Caracalla in Alexandria

spring 216–summer 217 – Caracalla’s Parthian war:

summer 216 – Caracalla attacks country east of the Tigris near borders of Adiabene
winter 216/217 – Caracalla winters at Edessa
8 April 217 – assassination of Caracalla
summer 217 – battle of Nisibis between Macrinus and King Artabanus V

11 April 217–8 June 218 – Macrinus

16 May 218–11 March 222 – Elagabalus

11 March 222–18/19 March 235 – Severus Alexander

28 April 224 – Ardashir I defeats Artabanus V of Parthia at the battle of Hormozdgan; end of Parthian dynasty

28 April 224–651 – Sasanian Empire

224–242 – reign of Ardashir I, first king of Sasanian Empire:

224–242 – Ardashir I
12 April 240–May 270 – Shapur I
May 270–June 271 – Hormizd I
June 271–September 274 – Bahram I
September 274–293 – Bahram II
293 – Bahram III
293–302 – Narseh
302–309 – Hormizd II
309 – Adur Narseh
309–379 – Shapur II
379–383 – Ardashir II
383–388 – Shapur III
388–399 – Bahram IV
399–21 January 420 – Yazdegerd I

28 April 224 – Ardashir I, crowned at Ctesiphon as the sole ruler of Persia (alternative dates: 226 or 6 April 227)

20 March 235–early May 238 – Maximinus Thrax

22 April–29 July 238 – Pupienus and Balbinus

22 March–12 April 238 – Gordian I and Gordian II

22 April–29 July 238 – Gordian III

244–249 – Philip the Arab

249–251 – Decius

253–260 – Valerian

253–268 – Gallienus

September 268–January 270 – Claudius Gothicus

September 270–September/October 275 – Aurelian

25 September 275–June 276 – Marcus Claudius Tacitus

July–September 276 – Florianus

276–September/October 282 – Probus

282–283 – Carus

20 November 284–1 May 305 – reign of Diocletian:

20 November 284–July 285 – (in competition with Carinus)
July 285–1 April 286 – (alone)
1 April 286–1 May 305 – (as Senior Augustus of the east, with Maximian in the west)
2 April 286–1 May 305 – Maximian is Augustus of the West
305–306 – Constantius Chlorus is Augustus in the west

300
305–306 – the Synod of Elvira in Hispania Baetica, now Granada in southern Spain

1 May 305 – in Milan and Nicomedia, Diocletian and Maximian retired simultaneously

1 May 305–summer 306 – Valerius Severus appointed Caesar of the West

East 1 April 286–1 May 305 – Diocletian Senior Augustus of the east 1 May 305–late April/early May 311 – Galerius Augustus in the East 11 November 308 – Licinius appointed Augustus (Illyricum, Thrace and Pannonia and the West) 310–May 313 – Maximinus II Augustus in the east 311 – Maximinus divides Eastern Empire between Licinius and himself 313–324 – Licinius is Augustus in the east

West 2 April 286–1 May 305 – Maximian is Augustus of the West 1 May 305–25 July 306 – Constantius Chlorus is Augustus in the west 25 July 306–29 October 312 – Constantine is Caesar in the west 28 October 306–28 October 312 – Maxentius 11 November 308 – Galerius’ general council at Carnuntum 28 October 312 – battle of the Milvian Bridge between Constantine I and Maxentius

25 July 306–22 May 337 – reign of Constantine the Great:

25 July 306–29 October 312 – Constantine is Caesar in the west
309 – Constantine self-proclaimed Augustus
29 October 312 – Constantine enters Rome
29 October 312–19 September 324 – Constantine undisputed Augustus
February 313 – Edict of Milan
3 July 324 – the Battle of Adrianople between Constantine I and Licinius
18 September 324 – the battle of Chrysopolis between Constantine and Licinius
19 September 324–22 May 337 – Constantine is emperor of whole empire
324 – foundation of Constantinople
11 May 330 – dedication of Constantinople

summer 306–March/April 307 – Valerius Severus Augustus in the west

28 October 306 – Maxentius and his father Maximian declared Augusti

28 October 306–28 October 312 – Maxentius

late 307 – Galerius leads an invasion of Italy against Maxentius but retreats north with his army

early 308 – Maximian forced to leave Italy in disgrace after trying to remove his son from power

11 November 308 – Galerius’ general council at the military city of Carnuntum (with Diocletian, Galerius, and Maximian): Maximian forced to abdicate; Constantine was again demoted to Caesar; Licinius appointed Augustus in the western regions

11 November 308–313 – Licinius appointed Augustus in the west (Danube, Illyricum, Thrace and Pannonia and the West)

309 – Maximian returns to the court of Constantine in Gaul

c. July 310 – Maximian hanged himself

April/May 311 – death of Galerius on journey from Thessalonica to Romuliana, perhaps Serdica; he is buried in mausoleum at Gamzigrad-Romuliana, part of his palace, in Zaječar in Serbia

9 June 311 – Licinius in Serdica

28 October 312 – battle of the Milvian Bridge between Constantine I and Maxentius

28 October 312 – death of Maxentius while crossing the Tiber in Rome

3 December 312 – death of Diocletian at his Palace

February 313 – Edict of Milan

30 April 313 – battle of Tzirallum between Licinius and Maximinus, at Çorlu, in Tekirdağ Province, in the Turkish region of Eastern Thrace; Maximinus defeated and he flees to Tarsus

July/August 313 – death of Maximinus II in Tarsus

East 313–324 July/August 313–18 September 324 – Licinius is Augustus I in the East July–18 September 324 – Martinian is Caesar of Licinius

West 313–324 28 October 312–18 September 324 – Constantine the Great is Augustus in the West 1 March 317–326 – Crispus is Caesar of his father Constantine I 25 July 306–22 May 337 – reign of Constantine the Great

1 March 317–326 – Crispus is Caesar of his father Constantine I

3 July 324 – the Battle of Adrianople between Constantine I and Licinius

July 324 – battle of the Hellespont, two separate naval clashes between Constantine’s fleet (led by Crispus) and a larger fleet under Licinius’ admiral, Abantus

18 September 324 – battle of Chrysopolis (modern Üsküdar), near Chalcedon between Constantine I and Licinius; Licinius defeated

19 September 324–22 May 337 – Constantine is emperor of whole empire

8 November 324 – foundation of Constantinople when Constantine marks out the perimeter

winter 324–325? – Constantine tours Asia Minor and Antioch

spring 325 – death of Licinius in Thessalonica

20 May–19 June 325 – Constantine presides over the First Ecumenical Council at Nicaea

spring/summer 326 – execution of Crispus

11 May 330 – Constantine I dedicates Constantinople

22 May 337 – death of Constantine at his suburban villa Achyron, near Nicomedia

summer 337 – killing of Dalmatius (Caesar of Thracia, Achaea and Macedonia)

September 337 – death of Hannibalianus (nephew of Constantine I and Rex Regum et Ponticarum Gentium)

9 September 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans meet at Pannonia and divide the empire

East 337–350 – Constantius II co-Augustus (Constantinople, Thrace, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Cyrenaica) 18 January 350–11 August 353 – Magnentius

West September 337–340 – Constantine II is Augustus (Gaul, Britannia and Hispania) 337–350 – Constans (Italy, Africa, Illyricum, Pannonia, Macedonia, and Achaea)

337–340 – Constantine II is joint emperor (over Gaul, Hispania, and Britannia) with Constantius II and Constans

337–3 November 361 – rule of Constantius II:

337–340 – Constantius II is co-Augustus (ruling Asian provinces and Egypt) with Constantine II and Constans
340 – killing of Constantine II in an ambush outside Aquileia in civil war with Constans
340–350 – Constantius II is co-Augustus with Constans
350 – assassination of Constans in Helena (now Elne) in the eastern Pyrenees of southwestern Gaul by supporters of the general Magnentius
350–361 – Constantius II is sole Augustus of the Roman Empire

350 – assassination of Constans in Helena (now Elne) in the eastern Pyrenees of southwestern Gaul by supporters of the general Magnentius

350–361 – Constantius II is sole Augustus of the Roman Empire

351 – battle of Mursa Major between Constantius II and Magnentius

6 November 355–February 360 – Julian the Apostate is Caesar in Gaul

3 November 361 – Constantius II dies of fever in Mopsucrene, Cilicia

3 November 361–26 June 363 – Julian the Apostate is emperor of the entire empire

11 December 361 – Julian entered Constantinople as sole emperor

27 June 363–17 February 364 – reign of Jovian