Chronology of the 13th Century

October 1202–April 1204 – Fourth Crusade, called by Pope Innocent III, to reconquer Jerusalem by an invasion through Egypt; the Crusaders sacked Constantinople

12–13 April 1204 – capture of Constantinople

1205–1235 – Andrew II of Hungary

Árpád Dynasty (c. 895–1301)
1196–30 November 1204 – Emeric
1204–7 May 1205 – Ladislaus III
1205–1235 – Andrew II
21 September 1235–3 May 1270 – Béla IV
1270–6 August 1272 – Stephen V of Hungary
1272–10 July 1290 – Ladislaus IV
1290–14 January 1301 – Andrew III

1206
25 June 1206–1526 – Delhi Sultanate based in Delhi rules large parts of India with 5 dynasties:

Dynasties
1186–c. 1206 – Ghurid dynasty
Delhi Sultanate
1206–1290 – Mamluk dynasty
1290–1320 – Khalji dynasty
1320–1414 – Tughlaq dynasty
1414–1451 – Sayyid dynasty
1451–1526 – Lodi dynasty

1207

1209
21 October 1209 – coronation of Otto IV as Holy Roman Emperor

21 October 1209–1215 – Otto IV is Holy Roman Emperor

1211 – Andrew II of Hungary gives the Teutonic Knights the Burzenland

1211–1225 – Teutonic Knights based in the Burzenland

1212–1220 – Frederick II is King of Germany:

King of the Romans
21 October 1209–1215 – Otto IV is Holy Roman Emperor
1212–1220 – Frederick II is King of Germany
1215 – abdication of Otto IV as Holy Roman Emperor
22 November 1220–13 December 1250 – Frederick II is Holy Roman Emperor
May 1237–21 May 1254 – Conrad IV

1254–1273 – the Interregnum in Germany
Habsburg
29 September 1273–15 July 1291 – Rudolf I
27 July 1298–1 May 1308 – Albert I

1215 – abdication of Otto IV as Holy Roman Emperor

23 August 1217–1221 – the Fifth Crusade, an attack on the Ayyubid state in Egypt

22 November 1220–13 December 1250 – Frederick II is Holy Roman Emperor

1225 – Andrew II expels the Teutonic Knights from Transylvania (they go to the Baltic Sea)

1230–1246 – Frederick II (Frederick the Quarrelsome) is Duke of Austria and Styria:

House of Babenberg
1198–1230 – Leopold VI the Glorious
1230–1246 – Frederick II
Interregnum
1246–1247 – Vladislaus of Moravia
1248–1250 – Herman VI of Baden
1250–1268 – Frederick I of Baden
1251–1278 – Ottokar II of Bohemia
House of Habsburg
1278–1282 – Rudolf I
1282–1308 – Albert I
1282–1283 – Rudolf II the Debonair
1298–1307 – Rudolf III the Good
1308–1330 – Frederick I the Fair

21 September 1235 – death of Andrew II of Hungary

21 September 1235–3 May 1270 – reign of Béla IV of Hungary

May 1237–21 May 1254 – Conrad IV of Germany is King of Germany and King of the Romans

1240s1241–1242 – the Mongol invasion of Europe

11 April 1241 – the battle of Mohi (Battle of the Tisza River) in which the Mongols defeat the Hungarians

1250s1250–1517 – the Mamluk Sultanate based in Egypt:

Sultans
31 July 1250–10 April 1257 – Al-Malik al-Mu’izz
15 April 1257–November 1259 – Al-Malik al-Mansur
November 1259–24 October 1260 – Al-Malik al-Muzaffar
24 October 1260–1 July 1277 – Al-Malik az-Zahir (Rukn ad-Din Baybars)
3 July 1277–August 1279 – Al-Malik as-Sa’id
August–November 1279 – Al-Malik al-Adil
November 1279–10 November 1290 – Al-Malik al-Mansur

1254–1273 – the Interregnum in Germany

1256–8 February 1265 – Hulagu Khan is first Ilkhan of the Ilkhanate

29 January–10 February 1258 – the siege of Baghdad of the Abbasid Caliphate by Ilkhanate Mongols under Hulagu Khan

13 February 1258 – beginning of the Mongol sack of Baghdad

1260s3 September 1260 – battle of Ain Jalut between the Muslim Mamluks and Mongols in southeastern Galilee, in the Jezreel Valley

25 July 1261 – reconquest of Constantinople by Michael VIII:

Palaiologos Emperors
15 August 1261–11 December 1282 – Michael VIII Palaiologos
11 December 1282–24 May 1328 – Andronikos II Palaiologos
1328–15 June 1341 – Andronikos III Palaiologos
15 June 1341–12 August 1376 – John V Palaiologos
1 July 1379–14 April 1390 – John V Palaiologos

1270s
1270–6 August 1272 – reign of Stephen V of Hungary

1271–1292 – Marco Polo’s travels to China: Acre, Hormuz, Silk Road, Kublai’s summer palace in Shangdu (c. 1271–1275), near present-day Zhangjiakou, sea voyage to Hormuz (1292)

1272–10 July 1290 – Ladislaus IV of Hungary

29 September 1273–15 July 1291 – Rudolf I is King of the Romans

1274
19 November 1274 – battle of Bun'ei between the Mongol troops of Kublai Khan and the Japanese army at Hakata Bay, near present-day Fukuoka, Kyūshū; Japanese victory

1275 – castle Hainfeld first documented, held by vassals of the Wildoner in Riegersburg

1275/1300–c. 1850 – Little Ice Age

1280s1281
21 May–7 July 1281 – second invasion Mongol invasion of Japan

1289 – fictional date of Doctor Who story “Marco Polo”

1290s1290–14 January 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary

5 May 1292–23 June 1298 – Adolf is King of the Romans

1295 – Marco Polo returns to Venice during the war with Republic of Genoa

August 1299 – Marco Polo released from captivity and returns home to Venice

1298
6 February 1298 – battle of Jaran-Manjur: forces of the Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji defeat the Mongol army led by Kadar (noyan of the Mongol Chagatai Khanate)

27 July 1298–1 May 1308 – Albert I is King of the Romans

8–9 January 1324 – death of Marco Polo in Venice